Modern History Set 6 | MROY Class

Modern History Set 6 – Questions & Answers

The early archives of which British Presidency were completely lost during the sack of Calcutta in 1756? – Bengal Presidency (Fort Williams)
The influential late 19th-century newspaper ‘Swadesamitran’ was published under the editorship of which nationalist leader? – G. Subramaniya Iyer
The classic book ‘India Today’, first published in England in 1940, heralded the Marxist approach to Indian history. Who was its author? – Rajni Palme Dutt
In 1507, which Portuguese governor’s naval squadron was defeated off Diu by the combined Egyptian and Gujarat navies? – Francisco De Almeida
Which Persian accompanied Francois Caron and successfully founded a French factory in Masulipatnam in 1669? – Mercara
The First Carnatic War was provoked when the English navy seized some French ships under the command of which British officer? – Barnet
The decisive Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought during the reign of which Mughal Emperor? – Alamgir II
In 1737, which Maratha Peshwa aggressively asserted Maratha power by invading Delhi with a small army of 500 horsemen? – Baji Rao I
Taking advantage of the collapse of authority after Nadir Shah’s invasion, Ali Muhammad Khan set up the petty kingdom of Rohilakhand in the Himalayan foothills between the Ganga and which other region? – Kumaon
The Treaty of Wadgaon (1779), an embarrassing capitulation during the First Anglo-Maratha War, forced which British entity to relinquish all territories acquired since 1775? – The Bombay Government
Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the Treaty of Rajpurghat in 1806 was signed between the English and which Maratha confederation? – The Holkars
During the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-19), the British Residency at Nagpur was attacked by which leader? – Appa Sahib
In 1783, which Baluch tribe established complete hold over Sindh, sending the Kallora prince into exile? – Talpuras
Charles Napier was appointed the first governor of Sindh after it was forcefully merged into the British Empire in 1843 under which Governor-General? – Lord Ellenborough
Following the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s successor Kharak Singh in 1839, which prince suffered an accidental death while returning from his father’s funeral? – Nau Nihal Singh
In 1853, the governing board of Punjab was nullified. Who was subsequently appointed as the first Chief Commissioner of Punjab? – John Lawrence
Warren Hastings’ policy of ‘Ring-Fence’ aimed at creating buffer zones. Defending the frontiers of which state was considered essential for the defense of Bengal? – Awadh
The Anglo-Bhutanese conflict in 1865 resulted in the Bhutanese surrendering mountain passes leading to Assam. These annexed districts subsequently became highly productive areas for which industry? – Tea gardens
Which Burmese king imposed a humiliating fine on a British timber company, providing Lord Dufferin the pretext to order the invasion of upper Burma in 1885? – Thibaw
The policy of ‘proud reserve’ under Viceroy Lord Lytton led to the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak (1879) with which Afghan leader? – Yakub Khan
Debi Chaudhurani, recognized for her role in early resistance against the British and featured in a novel by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, was a prominent leader in which uprising? – Sanyasi Revolt
Damodar Singh and Jagannath Dhal were key leaders in the civil uprisings that occurred between 1766 and 1774 in which region? – Midnapore and Dhalbhum
In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay’s oppressive revenue exactions caused a major civil uprising in Gorakhpur and which adjoining region? – Bahraich
Dhundia Wagh, a local Maratha leader who organized an anti-British force in Bednur (1799–1800), had previously been converted to Islam and jailed by whom? – Tipu Sultan
Doora Bisayi was a formidable rebel leader arrested in 1837 after a fierce uprising in which region? – Gumsur (Ganjam)
Muhsinuddin Ahmad, who organized his followers to expel the English intruders from Bengal during the Faraizi Revolt, was popularly known by what name? – Dudu Miyan
The 1778 uprising of the Pahariyas, who lived around the Rajmahal hills and resisted British agricultural expansion, was led by which chief? – Raja Jagganath
The Chuar rebellion in 1798 was largely driven by the dispossession of jungle zamindars and the dismissal of local village police guards. What were these traditional guards called? – Paiks
Which major leader of the Kuka Movement, who advocated for hand-woven clothes and the boycott of English education, was deported to Rangoon in 1872? – Baba Ram Singh
According to the text describing the socio-economic conditions of 18th-century India, which region was prominent as a center for woollen manufactures? – Kashmir

MROY Class

Modern History Set 6

🔍

📌 Administration • Records

Q.1) The early archives of which British Presidency were completely lost during the sack of Calcutta in 1756?

Ans > Bengal Presidency (Fort Williams)

The Siege of Calcutta: In June 1756, Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal attacked and captured Fort William (Calcutta). He was heavily provoked by the British East India Company’s blatant misuse of trade privileges (dastaks) and their unauthorized fortification of the city against the French.
Destruction of Records: During the intense sack and subsequent looting of the fort, the early archives and crucial administrative documents of the Bengal Presidency were completely destroyed. This catastrophic loss of primary sources created a massive void for modern historians attempting to accurately reconstruct the East India Company’s exact economic and administrative policies prior to 1756.
The Aftermath: The fall of Calcutta famously led to the controversial “Black Hole” tragedy. However, British retaliation was swift; Robert Clive and Admiral Watson recaptured Calcutta in early 1757, setting the immediate stage for the decisive Battle of Plassey.

📌 Press • Nationalism

Q.2) The influential late 19th-century newspaper ‘Swadesamitran’ was published under the editorship of which nationalist leader?

Ans > G. Subramaniya Iyer

Pioneering Vernacular Journalism: G. Subramaniya Iyer, an incredibly prominent journalist, social reformer, and early Indian nationalist, founded the Tamil newspaper ‘Swadesamitran’ in 1882. Prior to this, he had also co-founded the English daily ‘The Hindu’ in 1878 to voice Indian concerns against British policies.
Mobilizing the Masses: ‘Swadesamitran’ played an absolutely vital role in translating complex political and economic concepts into the Tamil language. This effectively bridged the gap between the English-educated elite and the common masses, vastly accelerating political consciousness and participation in the Madras Presidency.
Advocating Reform: Beyond strictly political agitation and promoting the Swadeshi movement, Iyer used his editorials to fiercely advocate for progressive social reforms, including the abolition of untouchability and the promotion of widow remarriage, which frequently put him at odds with the orthodox sections of society.

📌 Literature • Marxist History

Q.3) The classic book ‘India Today’, first published in England in 1940, heralded the Marxist approach to Indian history. Who was its author?

Ans > Rajni Palme Dutt

A Marxist Masterpiece: ‘India Today’ was authored by Rajni Palme Dutt (R.P. Dutt), a highly prominent British-Indian communist intellectual and a leading theoretician of the Communist Party of Great Britain. Published in 1940 by the Left Book Club in England, it became a foundational text for modern Indian historiography.
The Three Phases of Exploitation: Dutt’s core thesis systematically deconstructed British rule through a strict Marxist lens. He famously categorized British imperialism into three distinct, highly exploitative phases: merchant capital (direct plunder by the EIC), industrial capital (free trade and destruction of Indian handicrafts), and finally, financial capital imperialism.
Ideological Impact: The book fundamentally shifted the historical narrative away from elite political history and focused heavily on mass economic struggles, class conflict, and agricultural distress. It profoundly influenced an entire generation of Indian nationalist leaders, including Jawaharlal Nehru, and shaped the intellectual framework of the Indian left-wing movement.

📌 European Arrival • Portuguese

Q.4) In 1507, which Portuguese governor’s naval squadron was defeated off Diu by the combined Egyptian and Gujarat navies?

Ans > Francisco De Almeida

The Threat to the Spice Trade: Francisco De Almeida was appointed the first Viceroy of the Portuguese State of India in 1505. His primary mandate was to execute the “Blue Water Policy,” aiming to establish an absolute Portuguese monopoly over the highly lucrative Indian Ocean spice trade by asserting total naval dominance.
The Battle of Chaul (1508): The aggressive Portuguese expansion deeply threatened the traditional trade networks. A massive alliance was formed against them, featuring the Mamluk Sultan of Egypt, the Sultan of Gujarat, and the Zamorin of Calicut, covertly supported by the Republic of Venice. In a major naval clash off Chaul (often associated with the Diu campaign), the allied fleet defeated the Portuguese squadron, resulting in the tragic death of Almeida’s own son, Lourenço.
Vengeance at Diu: Consumed by a desire for revenge, Almeida fiercely retaliated the following year. Refusing to hand over his governorship to his successor Albuquerque until his vengeance was complete, Almeida led the Portuguese armada to totally annihilate the allied Muslim fleets at the decisive Battle of Diu in 1509, securing Portuguese naval supremacy for a century.

📌 European Arrival • French

Q.5) Which Persian accompanied Francois Caron and successfully founded a French factory in Masulipatnam in 1669?

Ans > Mercara

The French Entry into India: The French East India Company (Compagnie des Indes Orientales) was the last major European trading company to enter the Indian theater, founded in 1664 under the patronage of King Louis XIV and his powerful finance minister, Jean-Baptiste Colbert.
Expanding to the Coromandel Coast: After Director-General Francois Caron successfully established the very first French factory at Surat in 1668, the company urgently needed to expand its presence to the eastern Coromandel coast to tap into the incredibly lucrative trade of painted and dyed cotton textiles.
Mercara’s Diplomatic Success: Marcara (or Mercara), a highly skilled and well-connected Persian merchant who accompanied Caron, was dispatched to the court of Golconda. Through brilliant diplomacy, he successfully negotiated a ‘firman’ (royal decree) from the Sultan of Golconda, allowing the French to establish their second Indian factory in the thriving port city of Masulipatnam in 1669.

📌 Anglo-French Rivalry • Carnatic

Q.6) The First Carnatic War was provoked when the English navy seized some French ships under the command of which British officer?

Ans > Barnet

Global Conflict Spillover: The First Carnatic War (1746–1748) was an immediate extension of the War of the Austrian Succession taking place in Europe. Initially, both the English and French East India Companies in India desperately wished to maintain neutrality to protect their highly profitable commercial interests.
The Act of Provocation: This fragile peace was shattered when an English naval squadron, aggressively commanded by Commodore Barnet, deliberately seized several fully laden French merchant ships operating off the Coromandel coast. This unprovoked maritime aggression forced the French into a corner.
The French Retaliation: The highly ambitious French Governor-General, Joseph François Dupleix, repeatedly appealed to the Nawab of Carnatic to intervene, but to no avail. Consequently, Dupleix summoned a massive French naval fleet from Mauritius led by Admiral La Bourdonnais, which successfully bombarded and captured the English settlement of Madras in 1746, officially igniting the Carnatic Wars.

📌 British Conquest • Bengal

Q.7) The decisive Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought during the reign of which Mughal Emperor?

Ans > Alamgir II

The Imperial Context: The Battle of Plassey, arguably the most consequential turning point in modern Indian history, occurred on June 23, 1757. During this time, the Mughal throne in Delhi was occupied by Emperor Alamgir II (1754–1759), who was essentially a weak, powerless puppet controlled entirely by his formidable wazir, Imad-ul-Mulk.
A Battle of Betrayal: Plassey was hardly a great military confrontation; it was a brilliantly orchestrated political conspiracy by Robert Clive. Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah of Bengal was decisively defeated because his trusted commander-in-chief, Mir Jafar, along with powerful local financiers like the Jagat Seths, betrayed him and refused to fight.
The Foundation of Empire: The victory at Plassey transformed the British East India Company from a mere trading corporation into a massive territorial power. By installing Mir Jafar as a pliant puppet Nawab, the British gained unprecedented political control and drained the vast wealth of Bengal, while the decaying Mughal center under Alamgir II could do nothing to stop it.

📌 Maratha Empire • Expansion

Q.8) In 1737, which Maratha Peshwa aggressively asserted Maratha power by invading Delhi with a small army of 500 horsemen?

Ans > Baji Rao I

Expansionist Doctrine: Peshwa Baji Rao I was the primary architect of the Maratha Empire’s rapid expansion across Northern India, famously declaring his strategy to “strike at the trunk of the withering tree” (the declining Mughal Empire), confident that the branches would fall on their own.
The Audacious Raid: In 1737, Baji Rao sought to force the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah to officially grant the Marathas the lucrative chauth and sardeshmukhi rights of Malwa and Gujarat. To demonstrate his undeniable military reach, Baji Rao executed a highly audacious, lightning-fast raid on Delhi using a highly mobile unit of just 500 elite light cavalrymen.
Psychological Victory: By completely bypassing the cumbersome main Mughal armies and suddenly appearing at Kalkaji on the outskirts of the imperial capital, the Marathas triggered massive panic within the Mughal court. This brilliant tactical maneuver proved the total military impotence of the Mughals and firmly established the Marathas as the paramount power in the subcontinent.

📌 Regional States • Post-Mughal

Q.9) Taking advantage of the collapse of authority after Nadir Shah’s invasion, Ali Muhammad Khan set up the petty kingdom of Rohilakhand in the Himalayan foothills between the Ganga and which other region?

Ans > Kumaon

The Post-Invasion Vacuum: The devastating invasion and horrific sack of Delhi by the Persian conqueror Nadir Shah in 1739 completely shattered the central authority of the Mughal Empire. This sudden power vacuum heavily accelerated the rapid rise of several independent, opportunistic regional states across Northern India.
Rise of the Rohillas: Ali Muhammad Khan, a highly ambitious and capable Afghan soldier of fortune (belonging to the Rohilla tribe), capitalized on this chaos. He successfully carved out an independent, militarized principality which became known as Rohilakhand, initially establishing his capital at Aonla and later moving it to Bareilly.
Strategic Geography: Rohilakhand was geographically situated in a highly fertile, resource-rich tract of land lying squarely at the foothills of the Himalayas. It was bounded by the mighty River Ganga to the south and the mountainous Kumaon hills to the north. This strategic location made it a constant, bitter zone of friction with the neighboring state of Awadh and the expanding Marathas.

📌 Anglo-Maratha Wars • Treaties

Q.10) The Treaty of Wadgaon (1779), an embarrassing capitulation during the First Anglo-Maratha War, forced which British entity to relinquish all territories acquired since 1775?

Ans > The Bombay Government

Interference in Succession: The First Anglo-Maratha War was entirely triggered by the British Bombay Government’s highly aggressive interference in Maratha internal politics. They signed the Treaty of Surat (1775), offering military support to the ousted Peshwa claimant, Raghunathrao, in exchange for the lucrative territories of Salsette and Bassein.
Disaster at Talegaon: A British expeditionary force marching toward Pune was met by a massive Maratha army utilizing brilliant scorched-earth tactics directed by the brilliant Maratha general Mahadji Scindia. The British forces were completely surrounded, starved of supplies, and decisively defeated at Talegaon.
The Humiliating Treaty: To save their trapped army, the Bombay Government was forced to sign the extremely humiliating Treaty of Wadgaon (1779). The treaty dictated that the British must immediately surrender Raghunathrao and relinquish all Maratha territories acquired since 1775. Governor-General Warren Hastings angrily repudiated this treaty and dispatched a massive army from Bengal to continue the war.

📌 Anglo-Maratha Wars • Treaties

Q.11) Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the Treaty of Rajpurghat in 1806 was signed between the English and which Maratha confederation?

Ans > The Holkars

The Stubborn Resistance: During the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-1805), while the powerful Scindias and Bhonsles were defeated relatively quickly by Arthur Wellesley and Lord Lake, Yashwantrao Holkar of Indore remained a highly formidable and elusive threat. He waged a brilliant guerilla campaign, famously forcing the disastrous retreat of the British forces under Colonel Monson.
A Shift in Imperial Policy: The prolonged war caused a massive financial crisis for the East India Company. The aggressive expansionist, Governor-General Lord Wellesley, was recalled to London due to mounting debts. His replacements, Lord Cornwallis and subsequently Sir George Barlow, were strictly instructed to adopt a policy of non-intervention and end the costly wars immediately.
Favorable Terms for Holkar: Because of this sudden shift in British policy, the resulting Treaty of Rajpurghat (1806) was remarkably lenient compared to the treaties forced upon other Maratha chiefs. Yashwantrao Holkar formally renounced his claims over Tonk, Rampura, and territories north of the Chambal River, but he successfully retained absolute sovereignty over the vast majority of his core ancestral dominions.

📌 Anglo-Maratha Wars • Third War

Q.12) During the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-19), the British Residency at Nagpur was attacked by which leader?

Ans > Appa Sahib

The Final Struggle for Independence: The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1819) represented the final, desperate, and ultimately doomed attempt by the various Maratha chiefs to shake off the oppressive hegemony of the British East India Company. The conflict was immediately triggered by the Peshwa’s attack on the British Residency in Pune, prompting other Maratha leaders to follow suit.
The Uprising in Nagpur: In the Bhonsle dominion of Nagpur, the ambitious Mudhoji II Bhonsle, popularly known as Appa Sahib, had recently ascended the throne. Deeply resenting the suffocating restrictions of the British subsidiary alliance, he mobilized his forces. In November 1817, he launched a sudden, massive attack on the British Residency located in the Sitabuldi hills of Nagpur.
The Battle of Sitabuldi: Despite possessing overwhelming numerical superiority, including a large contingent of formidable Arab mercenaries, Appa Sahib’s forces were decisively defeated by the highly disciplined British Indian army at the Battle of Sitabuldi. Following this crushing defeat, Appa Sahib was deposed, arrested, but subsequently managed an audacious escape, living the rest of his life as a fugitive in exile.

📌 Regional States • Sindh

Q.13) In 1783, which Baluch tribe established complete hold over Sindh, sending the Kallora prince into exile?

Ans > Talpuras

The Fall of the Kalloras: Throughout the mid-18th century, the region of Sindh was ruled by the Kallora dynasty, who held their authority via a sanad (charter) from the powerful Afghan King Ahmad Shah Durrani. However, the later Kallora rulers were highly tyrannical, and their brutal assassination of several prominent Baloch tribal leaders sparked massive internal revolt.
The Rise of the Talpuras: The Talpuras, a fierce and highly organized Baloch tribe, rose in open rebellion under the brilliant leadership of Mir Fateh Ali Khan. They engaged the Kallora forces and decisively defeated them at the crucial Battle of Halani in 1783, forcing the last Kallora prince to flee into permanent exile.
The Amirs of Sindh: Following their victory, the Talpuras established a unique, decentralized system of government. A confederacy of leaders known as the ‘Char Yar’ (Four Friends) divided Sindh into three distinct branches based in Hyderabad, Khairpur, and Mirpur. They successfully ruled as the ‘Amirs of Sindh’ until they were unjustly conquered by the British in 1843.

📌 British Conquest • Sindh

Q.14) Charles Napier was appointed the first governor of Sindh after it was forcefully merged into the British Empire in 1843 under which Governor-General?

Ans > Lord Ellenborough

Imperial Compensation: The massive, humiliating defeat of the British forces during the First Anglo-Afghan War severely damaged the military prestige of the East India Company. Governor-General Lord Ellenborough desperately sought a quick, decisive military victory to restore British morale and secure total control over the strategically vital Indus River for commercial navigation.
Unjust Aggression: Sir Charles Napier was appointed to command the military forces in Sindh with sweeping political powers. Despite the ruling Amirs of Sindh having consistently remained loyal and having already signed highly restrictive subsidiary treaties, Napier actively provoked a conflict, levying impossible demands that forced the Amirs into war.
The Conquest and the Pun: Following decisive, bloody victories at the Battles of Miani and Dubba in 1843, Sindh was completely annexed and ruthlessly integrated into the British Empire. The conquest was so blatantly aggressive that even prominent British officials criticized it. Napier himself supposedly recognized the moral ambiguity of his actions, reportedly sending a one-word telegram back to headquarters: “Peccavi” (Latin for “I have sinned”, a pun on “I have Sindh”).

📌 Sikh Empire • Succession

Q.15) Following the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s successor Kharak Singh in 1839, which prince suffered an accidental death while returning from his father’s funeral?

Ans > Nau Nihal Singh

The Collapse of Stability: The legendary Maharaja Ranjit Singh had forged a massive, unified Sikh Empire. However, his death in June 1839 immediately plunged the mighty empire into a period of extreme, bloody anarchy. His direct successor, Maharaja Kharak Singh, proved to be a highly incompetent ruler who was quickly sidelined, imprisoned, and slowly poisoned by rival court factions, primarily the powerful Dogra brothers.
The Hope for the Empire: Prince Nau Nihal Singh, the brilliant and highly capable son of Kharak Singh, had emerged as the de facto ruler. He demonstrated tremendous military and administrative prowess and was widely viewed as the only legitimate heir capable of stabilizing the fractured empire and resisting the rapidly advancing British threat on the borders.
A Suspicious Tragedy: The hope for stability was shattered by a bizarre and highly suspicious event. On November 5, 1840, exactly on the day Nau Nihal Singh was returning from his murdered father Kharak Singh’s cremation, a massive stone block from an archway (the Roshnai Darwaza) collapsed directly onto him. His sudden death triggered a violent war of succession that ultimately paved the way for the catastrophic Anglo-Sikh Wars.

📌 British Conquest • Punjab

Q.16) In 1853, the governing board of Punjab was nullified. Who was subsequently appointed as the first Chief Commissioner of Punjab?

Ans > John Lawrence

Initial Administration: Following the hard-fought Second Anglo-Sikh War and the formal annexation of Punjab in 1849, Governor-General Lord Dalhousie established a unique administrative system. He created a Board of Administration comprising three members: the legendary Lawrence brothers (Sir Henry Lawrence and John Lawrence) and Charles Mansel.
Ideological Conflict: The Board was severely crippled by deep ideological clashes between the brothers. Henry Lawrence, acting as President, favored a sympathetic, aristocratic approach, strongly advocating for the preservation of the land rights and privileges of the traditional Sikh nobility (the Sardars). Conversely, John Lawrence championed a strict, utilitarian approach, arguing for heavy taxation of the aristocracy to directly fund massive infrastructure projects and peasant welfare.
The Punjab School of Administration: To resolve this constant administrative gridlock, Lord Dalhousie dissolved the Board entirely in 1853. He transferred Henry Lawrence to Rajputana and appointed John Lawrence as the absolute, unified authority—the first Chief Commissioner of Punjab. John’s highly efficient, paternalistic, and rigidly disciplined style of governance (known as the “Punjab School”) famously kept the crucial province totally loyal to the British during the massive uprising of 1857.

📌 British Policy • Buffer States

Q.17) Warren Hastings’ policy of ‘Ring-Fence’ aimed at creating buffer zones. Defending the frontiers of which state was considered essential for the defense of Bengal?

Ans > Awadh

Strategic Imperial Defense: The ‘Ring-Fence’ policy was a highly calculated geopolitical strategy formulated by Governor-General Warren Hastings. The core doctrine was remarkably simple but deeply cynical: strictly protect the British East India Company’s incredibly lucrative core territories (Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa) from devastating external invasions by fortifying the borders of a neighboring, allied state.
The Ideal Buffer State: The Kingdom of Awadh (Oudh) was the perfect candidate for this policy. Geographically, it stood as a massive shield directly between the rich plains of Bengal and the highly aggressive Maratha confederacy in the south, as well as the marauding Afghan armies (such as those led by Ahmad Shah Abdali) sweeping down from the northwest.
Exploitation by Protection: Following the decisive Battle of Buxar and the subsequent Treaty of Allahabad (1765), the British formally guaranteed the defense of Awadh. However, the catch was that the British stationed their own Company troops permanently within Awadh’s borders, entirely at the massive, crushing financial expense of the Nawab of Awadh. This brilliantly shielded Bengal from war while simultaneously bleeding Awadh’s treasury completely dry.

📌 British Conquest • Assam

Q.18) The Anglo-Bhutanese conflict in 1865 resulted in the Bhutanese surrendering mountain passes leading to Assam. These annexed districts subsequently became highly productive areas for which industry?

Ans > Tea gardens

The Duar War (1864–1865): The Anglo-Bhutanese conflict erupted primarily over long-standing boundary disputes, aggressive British demands for unimpeded trading rights, and the humiliation of a British diplomatic mission sent to the Bhutanese court. Following a brief but decisive military campaign, the defeated Bhutanese forces were compelled to seek terms.
The Treaty of Sinchula: In 1865, the Bhutanese were forced to sign the highly unequal Treaty of Sinchula. The most significant and economically devastating term of this treaty was the forced permanent cession of the Assam Duars and the Bengal Duars—an extensive, highly fertile tract of land situated squarely at the foothills of the Himalayas, serving as the gateways into the mountains.
The Rise of the Dooars Tea Industry: The British administration rapidly realized the immense, untapped agricultural potential of these newly annexed, well-drained, high-rainfall hill slopes. They aggressively deforested the region, displacing local populations, and rapidly transformed the annexed districts (particularly around Jalpaiguri and the Darjeeling foothills) into massive, highly profitable commercial tea plantations, establishing the globally famous Dooars tea industry which generated massive wealth for British planters.

📌 Anglo-Burmese Wars • Annexation

Q.19) Which Burmese king imposed a humiliating fine on a British timber company, providing Lord Dufferin the pretext to order the invasion of upper Burma in 1885?

Ans > Thibaw

Imperial Anxieties: By the late 19th century, the British had already annexed Lower Burma in previous conflicts, leaving only the independent Kingdom of Upper Burma ruled by King Thibaw Min. Imperial anxieties in Calcutta and London ran incredibly high as Thibaw actively sought to counter dominant British influence by establishing close, formal diplomatic and commercial treaties with the French, who were rapidly expanding their empire in neighboring Indochina.
The Timber Dispute Pretext: The immediate flashpoint for war occurred when King Thibaw’s government officially accused the powerful, British-owned Bombay Burmah Trading Corporation of massive illegal logging operations and rampant tax evasion. Consequently, the Burmese court imposed an astronomical, humiliating fine on the British company and threatened to confiscate their timber assets.
The Third Anglo-Burmese War: Viceroy Lord Dufferin, aggressively pushed by powerful British commercial interests and intense strategic fears of a French encirclement, utilized this timber dispute as a direct, unyielding pretext to issue an impossible ultimatum. When King Thibaw predictably refused the humiliating terms, British forces rapidly invaded in November 1885. They quickly captured the capital of Mandalay, forced Thibaw into permanent exile in Ratnagiri, India, and formally annexed the entirety of Upper Burma into the British Indian Empire.

📌 Anglo-Afghan Wars • Proud Reserve

Q.20) The policy of ‘proud reserve’ under Viceroy Lord Lytton led to the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak (1879) with which Afghan leader?

Ans > Yakub Khan

The Forward Policy: The geopolitical context was heavily defined by the “Great Game”—the intense, decades-long strategic rivalry between the British and Russian empires over control of Central Asia. Viceroy Lord Lytton decisively discarded the previous, cautious policy of ‘Masterly Inactivity’ in favor of a highly aggressive, expansionist approach known as ‘Proud Reserve’ or the ‘Forward Policy’, aiming to establish a heavily fortified “scientific frontier” deep within Afghanistan.
The Outbreak of War: The crisis escalated when the reigning Afghan Amir, Sher Ali, formally received an uninvited Russian diplomatic mission in Kabul but subsequently refused to allow a British envoy to enter the country. Using this perceived slight as justification, Lytton ordered a massive invasion of Afghanistan, deliberately sparking the Second Anglo-Afghan War in 1878. Sher Ali fled the capital and died shortly after in exile.
The Humiliating Treaty: Following the invasion, Sher Ali’s son and successor, Amir Yakub Khan, was forced into submission and compelled to sign the deeply humiliating Treaty of Gandamak in May 1879. The draconian terms severely compromised Afghan sovereignty: Yakub Khan agreed to conduct his foreign policy exactly as advised by the British Government, accepted the permanent stationing of a British Resident in Kabul, and ceded control of vital frontier districts (including the strategic Khyber Pass), effectively reducing the proud nation of Afghanistan to a subservient British protectorate.

📌 Civil Uprisings • Sanyasi Revolt

Q.21) Debi Chaudhurani, recognized for her role in early resistance against the British and featured in a novel by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, was a prominent leader in which uprising?

Ans > Sanyasi Revolt

Roots of the Rebellion: The Sanyasi and Fakir Rebellion (late 18th century) erupted in the chaotic aftermath of the East India Company’s acquisition of the Diwani of Bengal (1765) and the catastrophic Bengal Famine of 1770. The uprising was a massive coalition of displaced, starving peasants, unemployed soldiers of former Nawabs, and wandering religious mendicants (Sanyasis and Fakirs) whose traditional alms-gathering routes and holy pilgrimages were strictly blocked by harsh new British revenue extraction laws.
A Formidable Female Leader: Debi Chaudhurani emerged as a highly prominent, deeply respected, and legendary female rebel leader during this tumultuous period. Operating in the dense forests and riverine networks of Bengal, she, alongside other notorious leaders like Bhavani Pathak and Majnu Shah, led highly organized, devastating guerilla attacks against British factories, Company treasuries, and oppressive local landlords who collaborated with the colonial regime.
Literary Immortality: Her exceptional leadership, fierce bravery, and remarkable defiance of both colonial authority and traditional patriarchy left an indelible mark on Bengali culture. Her exploits were forever immortalized in Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay’s highly renowned 1884 Bengali novel ‘Devi Chaudhurani’, which played a massive role in inspiring later generations of Indian nationalist revolutionaries by highlighting early, heroic resistance to British rule.

📌 Civil Uprisings • Early Resistance

Q.22) Damodar Singh and Jagannath Dhal were key leaders in the civil uprisings that occurred between 1766 and 1774 in which region?

Ans > Midnapore and Dhalbhum

Early Colonial Intrusion: This uprising represents some of the very earliest indigenous, armed resistance against British colonial expansion, occurring immediately following the Company’s grant of the Diwani in 1765. The British East India Company rapidly and aggressively pushed their revenue collectors into the Jungle Mahals (the heavily forested western tracts of Bengal) to maximize tax extraction, threatening the autonomy of local chieftains.
The Dhalbhum Rebellion: The local tribal chiefs and zamindars fiercely resented this unprecedented financial intrusion and loss of traditional authority. In 1767, the British deposed Jagannath Dhal, the Raja of Dhalbhum, for explicitly refusing to pay the exorbitant, newly imposed taxes. In immediate response, Jagannath Dhal rallied the local Bhumij and Santhal tribes, initiating a massive, protracted guerilla war known as the Dhalbhum uprising.
A Protracted Guerilla War: Utilizing the incredibly dense jungles and harsh terrain to their absolute advantage, the rebels, led by figures like Jagannath Dhal and Damodar Singh, effectively paralyzed British administration and revenue collection in the region for nearly a decade (1766-1774). The resistance was so fierce and the military costs so high that the British were ultimately forced to capitulate and reinstate Jagannath Dhal to his estate on his own terms to restore peace and secure the region.

📌 Civil Uprisings • Revenue Policies

Q.23) In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay’s oppressive revenue exactions caused a major civil uprising in Gorakhpur and which adjoining region?

Ans > Bahraich

The Horrors of Revenue Farming: The uprising was a direct, catastrophic consequence of the ‘revenue farming’ system (Ijardari) instituted under British influence in the Kingdom of Awadh. Desperate to meet the massive, crushing financial demands of the British subsidiary alliance, the Nawab of Awadh leased out the total revenue collection of the fertile Gorakhpur and Bahraich regions to Major Alexander Hannay, a notoriously ruthless British military officer.
Tyranny and Extortion: Major Hannay acted as an absolute tyrant over the region. He utilized extreme military terror, widespread extortion, and severe physical torture to squeeze unprecedented, impossible amounts of tax from the already impoverished peasantry and local landholders, completely devastating the local agricultural economy.
The Mass Agrarian Revolt: The brutal exploitation reached a breaking point in 1781, resulting in a massive, spontaneous agrarian uprising. Enraged peasants, completely dispossessed zamindars, and armed local militias violently united in common cause. They launched massive attacks on Hannay’s revenue officials, completely overran his outposts, and successfully paralyzed the administration. The rebellion was so intensely widespread that Hannay had to secretly flee for his life, and it required a massive deployment of the Nawab’s regular army and British troops to ruthlessly crush the revolt.

📌 Civil Uprisings • Maratha Resistance

Q.24) Dhundia Wagh, a local Maratha leader who organized an anti-British force in Bednur (1799–1800), had previously been converted to Islam and jailed by whom?

Ans > Tipu Sultan

A Complex Mercenary Career: Dhundia Wagh was a charismatic, highly ambitious Maratha adventurer and mercenary cavalryman who thrived in the chaotic landscape of late 18th-century South India. He initially served with distinction in the army of Hyder Ali of Mysore. However, as his independent ambitions grew, he openly rebelled against Hyder’s successor, the formidable Tipu Sultan.
Imprisonment in Srirangapatna: Tipu Sultan’s forces successfully tracked down and captured the rebellious Dhundia. As punishment, Tipu Sultan forcefully converted him to Islam (renaming him Malik Jahan Khan) and had him incarcerated in heavy irons within the notorious, dark dungeons of the island fortress of Srirangapatna.
The “King of the Two Worlds”: During the massive chaos of the Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), when the British army successfully stormed Srirangapatna and Tipu was killed in combat, Dhundia was inadvertently freed. He immediately capitalized on the power vacuum, gathering a massive force of Tipu’s disbanded soldiers, disillusioned peasants, and local chieftains. Declaring himself the “King of the Two Worlds,” he launched a fierce, highly mobile anti-British insurgency in the Bednur region until he was relentlessly pursued and finally killed in a cavalry charge led by Arthur Wellesley (later the famous Duke of Wellington) in 1800.

📌 Civil Uprisings • Tribal Resistance

Q.25) Doora Bisayi was a formidable rebel leader arrested in 1837 after a fierce uprising in which region?

Ans > Gumsur (Ganjam)

Causes of the Gumsur Rebellion: The Gumsur uprising, centered in the Ganjam district of present-day Odisha, erupted in 1835 due to massive, unwarranted British interference in local affairs. The East India Company attempted to aggressively intervene in a complex succession dispute within the Gumsur zamindari to maximize their revenue extraction. Simultaneously, they launched a forceful campaign to suppress the traditional Khond tribal practice of human sacrifice (Mariah), which deeply antagonized the indigenous population.
The Leadership of Doora Bisayi: The Khonds, fiercely independent and deeply resentful of the new, exorbitant land taxes and the severe intrusion of corrupt plains-dwelling British officials, rose in a massive, coordinated revolt. Doora Bisayi, a highly respected, deeply influential, and formidable Khond tribal leader, took command of the resistance, organizing a brilliant, protracted guerilla campaign in the dense, malaria-infested jungles.
A Protracted Jungle War: Doora Bisayi’s forces relentlessly ambushed British troops, severed supply lines, and completely disrupted colonial communications for years. The British found it nearly impossible to fight a conventional war in the hostile terrain. Ultimately, the British had to deploy massive military force and resort to bribery and betrayal. Doora Bisayi was finally betrayed by an informant, captured in 1837, and died tragically while imprisoned in a British jail, temporarily ending the fierce resistance.

📌 Peasant Movements • Bengal

Q.26) Muhsinuddin Ahmad, who organized his followers to expel the English intruders from Bengal during the Faraizi Revolt, was popularly known by what name?

Ans > Dudu Miyan

Evolution of the Faraizi Movement: The Faraizi movement originated in 19th-century East Bengal (modern Bangladesh), founded by Haji Shariatullah in 1818. It initially began strictly as a puritanical religious reform movement, aiming to cleanse local Islamic practices of un-Islamic accretions. However, due to the severe agrarian distress in the region, it rapidly evolved into a massive socio-economic and political uprising.
Radical Leadership of Dudu Miyan: Under the highly dynamic and militant leadership of Shariatullah’s son, Muhsinuddin Ahmad, universally known by his popular name Dudu Miyan, the movement transformed drastically. Dudu Miyan successfully mobilized the deeply impoverished Muslim peasantry against the horrific, systematic exploitation perpetrated by predominantly Hindu zamindars (landlords) and European indigo planters who were backed by the British courts.
“Land Belongs to God”: Dudu Miyan boldly proclaimed the highly radical, egalitarian doctrine that “Land belongs to God,” which heavily implied that no human landlord possessed the legitimate right to levy exorbitant taxes or demand illegal cesses. He established a highly organized, powerful parallel administration across several districts, complete with its own paramilitary forces (lathials) and local courts, violently resisting tax collection and actively defending peasants against landlord militias throughout the 1840s and 1850s.

📌 Tribal Uprisings • Resistance

Q.27) The 1778 uprising of the Pahariyas, who lived around the Rajmahal hills and resisted British agricultural expansion, was led by which chief?

Ans > Raja Jagganath

Ecological and Economic Conflict: The Pahariya uprising represents a classic conflict between aggressive colonial agricultural expansion and indigenous tribal ways of life. The Pahariyas were martial, fiercely independent tribes inhabiting the rugged, forested Rajmahal Hills (in present-day Jharkhand). The British East India Company, constantly seeking to maximize land revenue, aggressively encouraged settled cultivators (like the Santhals) to clear the surrounding forests for farming.
Threat to Traditional Livelihoods: This direct, officially sanctioned encroachment severely threatened the Pahariyas’ traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle, their shifting cultivation practices, and their customary, historical right to collect tolls from traders passing through their hills. Viewing the British as direct existential threats, the tribes prepared for war.
The 1778 Rebellion and Pacification: Under the bold leadership of their chief, Raja Jagganath, the Pahariyas launched a massive, highly violent uprising in 1778. They executed highly effective, terrifying guerilla raids on British outposts, postal runners, and the encroaching lowland agricultural villages. Realizing the extreme military difficulty of subduing them in the dense hills, the British administrator Augustus Cleveland was forced to adopt a policy of pacification. He created the ‘Damin-i-Koh’ (skirts of the hills) as a protected reserve specifically for the tribes and began paying regular pensions to the Pahariya chiefs to successfully maintain the peace.

📌 Civil Uprisings • Police Guards

Q.28) The Chuar rebellion in 1798 was largely driven by the dispossession of jungle zamindars and the dismissal of local village police guards. What were these traditional guards called?

Ans > Paiks

Impact of the Permanent Settlement: The catastrophic Chuar Rebellion of 1798 was heavily fueled by the ruinous new land revenue policies introduced by the British, specifically the Permanent Settlement of 1793. The term ‘Chuar’ (meaning ‘outcast’ or ‘barbarian’) was a highly derogatory British label used to describe the Bhumij tribes of the Jungle Mahals region (covering modern Midnapore and Bankura in Bengal). The new, rigid tax demands led to the massive dispossession of traditional local jungle zamindars.
The Role of the Paiks: Crucially, the absolute backbone of this massive, violent revolt was the ‘Paiks’. The Paiks were the traditional, hereditary village militia who had served for generations as local police guards and foot soldiers for the zamindars. In exchange for their essential security services, they held extensive, rent-free land grants known as ‘Paikan lands’.
Dispossession and Rebellion: The British administration, seeking to centralize control, abruptly dismissed the Paiks, replacing them with professional police forces brought in from outside regions. Callously, the British then resumed (confiscated) their ancestral tax-free lands, demanding heavy rent. Reduced to sudden, abject starvation and extreme poverty, the highly trained Paiks united with the displaced zamindars and impoverished peasants, launching a violent, widespread insurgency that completely terrorized the British authorities and paralyzed revenue collection for over a year.

📌 Socio-Religious Movements • Punjab

Q.29) Which major leader of the Kuka Movement, who advocated for hand-woven clothes and the boycott of English education, was deported to Rangoon in 1872?

Ans > Baba Ram Singh

From Religion to Resistance: The Kuka (or Namdhari) movement in Punjab began strictly as a religious purification sect within Sikhism, founded by Bhagat Jawahar Mal (Sian Sahib) in 1840 to eliminate caste distinctions and idol worship. However, it gained massive, highly potent political momentum and transformed into a fierce anti-colonial force under the visionary leadership of Baba Ram Singh following the British annexation of Punjab in 1849.
Pioneers of Swadeshi: Decades before Mahatma Gandhi popularized the concept during the nationalist struggle, Baba Ram Singh fiercely advocated for an early, comprehensive, and highly organized form of ‘Swadeshi’ and total non-cooperation. He strictly instructed his massive following (the Kukas, known for wearing distinctive white hand-woven clothes and their ecstatic style of reciting hymns) to absolutely boycott British manufactured goods, British educational institutions, the colonial legal system, and all government services.
Militancy and Brutal Suppression: The movement eventually became highly militant, specifically targeting cow slaughterhouses which were protected by the British administration. Following a violent, localized clash at Malerkotla in 1872, the British authorities reacted with unprecedented, horrific brutality to crush the perceived threat. They executed dozens of captured Kukas without trial by tying them to the mouths of cannons and blowing them apart. Baba Ram Singh was arrested and permanently deported to life exile in Rangoon, Burma, where he eventually died.

📌 Economy • 18th Century Trade

Q.30) According to the text describing the socio-economic conditions of 18th-century India, which region was prominent as a center for woollen manufactures?

Ans > Kashmir

The Pre-Colonial Industrial Giant: It is crucial to understand that 18th-century, pre-colonial India possessed a highly vibrant, specialized, and globally dominant manufacturing economy. India was not merely an agricultural society but effectively held the position of the “industrial workshop of the world” prior to the advent of the British Industrial Revolution and subsequent colonial deindustrialization policies.
Regional Specializations: While regions like Bengal (specifically Dacca) and the Coromandel Coast were globally renowned for their exceptionally fine cotton textiles, delicate muslins, and vibrant calicoes, the northern region of Kashmir held a unique and highly lucrative, absolute monopoly in a completely different manufacturing sector.
The Pashmina Monopoly: Kashmir was internationally prominent as the absolute premier center for the weaving and manufacturing of exquisite, high-quality woollen goods. The undisputed crown jewel of this massive industry was the Kashmiri Pashmina shawl, painstakingly hand-woven from the ultra-fine undercoat of specific Himalayan mountain goats. These incredibly soft and warm shawls were highly prized luxury status symbols, demanded not only across the various royal courts of India and Persia but also massively exported to Europe, where they became a major, highly expensive fashion sensation among the European aristocracy, representing a massive source of wealth for the region.

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 6

Administration: Bengal Presidency archives were destroyed during the sack of Calcutta (1756).
Press: ‘Swadesamitran’ was an influential nationalist newspaper edited by G. Subramaniya Iyer.
Historiography: Rajni Palme Dutt authored the Marxist classic ‘India Today’ in 1940.
Portuguese: Francisco De Almeida was defeated by Egyptian/Gujarat fleets off Diu (1507).
French Factory: The Persian merchant Mercara founded the French factory at Masulipatnam (1669).
Carnatic Wars: Seizure of French ships by British officer Barnet provoked the First Carnatic War.
Battle of Plassey: Fought in 1757 during the reign of the weak Mughal Emperor Alamgir II.
Maratha Expansion: Peshwa Baji Rao I raided Delhi with 500 horsemen in 1737.
Regional States: Ali Muhammad Khan established Rohilakhand near Kumaon post-Nadir Shah.
Anglo-Maratha: The embarrassing Treaty of Wadgaon (1779) was signed by the Bombay Government.
Anglo-Maratha: The Treaty of Rajpurghat (1806) concluded hostilities with the Holkars.
Third Maratha War: Appa Sahib led the attack on the British Residency at Nagpur.
Sindh: The Talpuras overthrew the Kalloras to take control of Sindh in 1783.
Conquest of Sindh: Lord Ellenborough was the Governor-General when Napier annexed Sindh (1843).
Sikh Empire: Prince Nau Nihal Singh died accidentally in 1839 amidst political chaos.
Punjab: John Lawrence became the first Chief Commissioner of Punjab in 1853.
Ring-Fence: Awadh was treated as a vital buffer state to protect British Bengal.
Assam Expansion: Bhutanese mountain passes annexed in 1865 became major tea gardens.
Burma: King Thibaw’s timber fines provided a pretext for the 1885 invasion of Upper Burma.
Afghanistan: Lord Lytton’s policies led to the Treaty of Gandamak with Yakub Khan (1879).
Sanyasi Revolt: Debi Chaudhurani was a prominent leader, immortalized in Bengali literature.
Early Resistance: Jagannath Dhal led the Midnapore and Dhalbhum civil uprisings.
Revenue Revolts: Major Hannay’s exactions triggered the 1781 Bahraich/Gorakhpur uprising.
Maratha Rebels: Dhundia Wagh was jailed and converted to Islam by Tipu Sultan before rebelling.
Tribal Revolts: Doora Bisayi led the fierce Gumsur uprising before his arrest in 1837.
Faraizi Revolt: Dudu Miyan (Muhsinuddin Ahmad) radicalized the movement in Bengal.
Pahariya Uprising: Raja Jagganath led the 1778 resistance in the Rajmahal hills.
Chuar Rebellion: Sparked largely by the dismissal of traditional village guards called Paiks.
Kuka Movement: Baba Ram Singh led early boycotts and was exiled to Rangoon in 1872.
18th Century Economy: Kashmir was the prominent center for high-quality woollen manufactures.

Timer ⏳

15:00

Progress (0/30)

Click any card to flip and reveal the summarized answer!

Smart Review: Questions you got wrong appear here for focused study.

Navigation Menu

Modern History Set 6

Q.1) The early archives of which British Presidency were completely lost during the sack of Calcutta in 1756?

Q.2) The influential late 19th-century newspaper ‘Swadesamitran’ was published under the editorship of which nationalist leader?

Q.3) The classic book ‘India Today’, first published in England in 1940, heralded the Marxist approach to Indian history. Who was its author?

Q.4) In 1507, which Portuguese governor’s naval squadron was defeated off Diu by the combined Egyptian and Gujarat navies?

Q.5) Which Persian accompanied Francois Caron and successfully founded a French factory in Masulipatnam in 1669?

Q.6) The First Carnatic War was provoked when the English navy seized some French ships under the command of which British officer?

Q.7) The decisive Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought during the reign of which Mughal Emperor?

Q.8) In 1737, which Maratha Peshwa aggressively asserted Maratha power by invading Delhi with a small army of 500 horsemen?

Q.9) Taking advantage of the collapse of authority after Nadir Shah’s invasion, Ali Muhammad Khan set up the petty kingdom of Rohilakhand in the Himalayan foothills between the Ganga and which other region?

Q.10) The Treaty of Wadgaon (1779), an embarrassing capitulation during the First Anglo-Maratha War, forced which British entity to relinquish all territories acquired since 1775?

Q.11) Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the Treaty of Rajpurghat in 1806 was signed between the English and which Maratha confederation?

Q.12) During the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-19), the British Residency at Nagpur was attacked by which leader?

Q.13) In 1783, which Baluch tribe established complete hold over Sindh, sending the Kallora prince into exile?

Q.14) Charles Napier was appointed the first governor of Sindh after it was forcefully merged into the British Empire in 1843 under which Governor-General?

Q.15) Following the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s successor Kharak Singh in 1839, which prince suffered an accidental death while returning from his father’s funeral?

Q.16) In 1853, the governing board of Punjab was nullified. Who was subsequently appointed as the first Chief Commissioner of Punjab?

Q.17) Warren Hastings’ policy of ‘Ring-Fence’ aimed at creating buffer zones. Defending the frontiers of which state was considered essential for the defense of Bengal?

Q.18) The Anglo-Bhutanese conflict in 1865 resulted in the Bhutanese surrendering mountain passes leading to Assam. These annexed districts subsequently became highly productive areas for which industry?

Q.19) Which Burmese king imposed a humiliating fine on a British timber company, providing Lord Dufferin the pretext to order the invasion of upper Burma in 1885?

Q.20) The policy of ‘proud reserve’ under Viceroy Lord Lytton led to the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak (1879) with which Afghan leader?

Q.21) Debi Chaudhurani, recognized for her role in early resistance against the British and featured in a novel by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, was a prominent leader in which uprising?

Q.22) Damodar Singh and Jagannath Dhal were key leaders in the civil uprisings that occurred between 1766 and 1774 in which region?

Q.23) In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay’s oppressive revenue exactions caused a major civil uprising in Gorakhpur and which adjoining region?

Q.24) Dhundia Wagh, a local Maratha leader who organized an anti-British force in Bednur (1799–1800), had previously been converted to Islam and jailed by whom?

Q.25) Doora Bisayi was a formidable rebel leader arrested in 1837 after a fierce uprising in which region?

Q.26) Muhsinuddin Ahmad, who organized his followers to expel the English intruders from Bengal during the Faraizi Revolt, was popularly known by what name?

Q.27) The 1778 uprising of the Pahariyas, who lived around the Rajmahal hills and resisted British agricultural expansion, was led by which chief?

Q.28) The Chuar rebellion in 1798 was largely driven by the dispossession of jungle zamindars and the dismissal of local village police guards. What were these traditional guards called?

Q.29) Which major leader of the Kuka Movement, who advocated for hand-woven clothes and the boycott of English education, was deported to Rangoon in 1872?

Q.30) According to the text describing the socio-economic conditions of 18th-century India, which region was prominent as a center for woollen manufactures?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 6

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Q.1) The early archives of which British Presidency were completely lost during the sack of Calcutta in 1756?

Q.2) The influential late 19th-century newspaper ‘Swadesamitran’ was published under the editorship of which nationalist leader?

Q.3) The classic book ‘India Today’, first published in England in 1940, heralded the Marxist approach to Indian history. Who was its author?

Q.4) In 1507, which Portuguese governor’s naval squadron was defeated off Diu by the combined Egyptian and Gujarat navies?

Q.5) Which Persian accompanied Francois Caron and successfully founded a French factory in Masulipatnam in 1669?

Q.6) The First Carnatic War was provoked when the English navy seized some French ships under the command of which British officer?

Q.7) The decisive Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought during the reign of which Mughal Emperor?

Q.8) In 1737, which Maratha Peshwa aggressively asserted Maratha power by invading Delhi with a small army of 500 horsemen?

Q.9) Taking advantage of the collapse of authority after Nadir Shah’s invasion, Ali Muhammad Khan set up the petty kingdom of Rohilakhand in the Himalayan foothills between the Ganga and which other region?

Q.10) The Treaty of Wadgaon (1779), an embarrassing capitulation during the First Anglo-Maratha War, forced which British entity to relinquish all territories acquired since 1775?

Q.11) Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, the Treaty of Rajpurghat in 1806 was signed between the English and which Maratha confederation?

Q.12) During the outbreak of the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-19), the British Residency at Nagpur was attacked by which leader?

Q.13) In 1783, which Baluch tribe established complete hold over Sindh, sending the Kallora prince into exile?

Q.14) Charles Napier was appointed the first governor of Sindh after it was forcefully merged into the British Empire in 1843 under which Governor-General?

Q.15) Following the death of Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s successor Kharak Singh in 1839, which prince suffered an accidental death while returning from his father’s funeral?

Q.16) In 1853, the governing board of Punjab was nullified. Who was subsequently appointed as the first Chief Commissioner of Punjab?

Q.17) Warren Hastings’ policy of ‘Ring-Fence’ aimed at creating buffer zones. Defending the frontiers of which state was considered essential for the defense of Bengal?

Q.18) The Anglo-Bhutanese conflict in 1865 resulted in the Bhutanese surrendering mountain passes leading to Assam. These annexed districts subsequently became highly productive areas for which industry?

Q.19) Which Burmese king imposed a humiliating fine on a British timber company, providing Lord Dufferin the pretext to order the invasion of upper Burma in 1885?

Q.20) The policy of ‘proud reserve’ under Viceroy Lord Lytton led to the Second Anglo-Afghan War and the signing of the Treaty of Gandamak (1879) with which Afghan leader?

Q.21) Debi Chaudhurani, recognized for her role in early resistance against the British and featured in a novel by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay, was a prominent leader in which uprising?

Q.22) Damodar Singh and Jagannath Dhal were key leaders in the civil uprisings that occurred between 1766 and 1774 in which region?

Q.23) In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay’s oppressive revenue exactions caused a major civil uprising in Gorakhpur and which adjoining region?

Q.24) Dhundia Wagh, a local Maratha leader who organized an anti-British force in Bednur (1799–1800), had previously been converted to Islam and jailed by whom?

Q.25) Doora Bisayi was a formidable rebel leader arrested in 1837 after a fierce uprising in which region?

Q.26) Muhsinuddin Ahmad, who organized his followers to expel the English intruders from Bengal during the Faraizi Revolt, was popularly known by what name?

Q.27) The 1778 uprising of the Pahariyas, who lived around the Rajmahal hills and resisted British agricultural expansion, was led by which chief?

Q.28) The Chuar rebellion in 1798 was largely driven by the dispossession of jungle zamindars and the dismissal of local village police guards. What were these traditional guards called?

Q.29) Which major leader of the Kuka Movement, who advocated for hand-woven clothes and the boycott of English education, was deported to Rangoon in 1872?

Q.30) According to the text describing the socio-economic conditions of 18th-century India, which region was prominent as a center for woollen manufactures?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 6

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Current Affairs

Month wise Current Affairs