Modern History Set 26 | MROY Class

Modern History Set 26 – Questions & Answers

During the First Anglo-Mysore War, Haidar Ali tactfully forged an anti-English alliance by paying off the Marathas and promising to share conquered territories with whom? – The Nizam of Hyderabad
Which English army commander was defeated by Haidar Ali in 1781 before Sir Eyre Coote successfully regrouped the British forces? – Colonel Baillie
Following Tipu Sultan’s defeat in the Third Anglo-Mysore War, the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) forced him to pay a war indemnity of what amount? – Three crore rupees
Under the Treaty of Seringapatam, Tipu Sultan’s two sons were taken as hostages by the English as a guarantee for what? – The payment of the war indemnity
The Treaty of Bassein (1802) required the Peshwa to surrender which major trading city to the East India Company? – Surat
Which British Governor General used the pretext of the Multan uprising to completely annex Punjab in 1849? – Lord Dalhousie
The decisive British victory at the Battle of Buxar on October 22, 1764, made the English a great power in which part of India? – Northern India
The 1760 treaty between Mir Kasim and the English Company included a provision that the Company would get half the share in the trade of which commodity in Sylhet? – Chunam
The much-debated ‘Black Hole Tragedy’, where 123 English persons reportedly died of suffocation, occurred during the rule of which Nawab of Bengal? – Siraj-ud-Daulah
During the Third Carnatic War, the English went on the offensive and inflicted heavy losses on the French fleet under Admiral D’Ache at which location? – Masulipatnam
Which Indian ruler established the independent state of Kerala and organized his army along Western models while expanding from Kanyakumari to Cochin? – Martanda Varma
The founder of the independent Asaf-Jah house of Hyderabad was Kilich Khan, who is more popularly known by what title? – Nizam-ul-Mulk
The Battle of Karnal, where the Persian emperor Nadir Shah decisively defeated the Mughal army, was fought on which exact date? – February 13, 1739
After the assassination of Hira Singh Dogra in 1844, who became the new wazir of Punjab, only to incur the displeasure of the army and be put to death in 1845? – Jawahar Singh
By signing the Treaty of Amritsar (1809), Maharaja Ranjit Singh acknowledged the British right over which specific territories? – Cis-Sutlej territories
In the late 18th century, which Afghan ruler confirmed the claims of Mir Fath Ali Khan over Sindh and ordered him to share the country with his brothers? – The Durrani monarch
Which Governor General sent Colonel Pottinger to Sindh in 1832 to sign a commercial treaty with the Amirs? – William Bentinck
Under the Tripartite Treaty of 1838, Shah Shuja gave up his sovereign rights over the Amirs of which region in return for a large sum of money? – Sindh
During the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–42), Dost Mohammed surrendered to the British forces in which year? – 1840
Who was made the Amir of Afghanistan by the British after Dost Mohammed surrendered in 1840? – Shah Shuja
Under the Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879), the Afghan Amir agreed to station a permanent British resident in which city? – Kabul
The 1859-60 widespread revolt by peasants against being forced to grow a specific cash crop by European planters is known as what? – Indigo Revolt
The Kol Mutiny of 1831 erupted as a result of large-scale land transfers to outsiders like Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim farmers in which region? – Chhotanagpur
In the Chuar Rebellion of 1798, the rebels indulged in violent activities to halt the auction of the estate belonging to Durjan Singh. Where was this estate located? – Raipur
During the Paika Rebellion of 1817, the English Company’s abolition of which traditional currency severely affected the common masses in Odisha? – Cowrie currency
In 1816, a bloody scuffle between the followers of Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz and the police over a tax imposition led to a violent uprising in which town? – Bareilly
Strikara Bhanj, who rebelled against the British in 1800, was a prominent zamindar in which district of the Northern Circars? – Ganjam
The 1769 revolt of the Moamarias, who were low-caste peasants, weakened which kingdom and opened its doors for subsequent invasions? – The Ahom kingdom
After the Mughal raid on the English settlement at Hooghly in 1686, the English retaliated by capturing the imperial forts at which location? – Thana
The Wahabi Movement in India was inspired by the teachings of Shah Waliullah of Delhi and which other Islamic scholar from Saudi Arabia? – Abdul Wahab

MROY Class

Modern History Set 26

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📌 Anglo-Mysore Wars • Alliances

Q.1) During the First Anglo-Mysore War, Haidar Ali tactfully forged an anti-English alliance by paying off the Marathas and promising to share conquered territories with whom?

Ans > The Nizam of Hyderabad

The Diplomatic Context: The First Anglo-Mysore War (1767-1769) began under deeply threatening circumstances for Mysore. The British East India Company, attempting to assert its dominance, successfully formed a formidable tripartite alliance involving the Marathas and the Nizam of Hyderabad, directly targeting Haidar Ali.
Neutralizing the Marathas: Showcasing exceptional diplomatic and tactical acumen, Haidar Ali rapidly moved to dismantle this coalition before it could strike. He successfully bought off the Marathas, neutralizing their threat by paying a massive cash tribute and promising future territorial concessions.
Flipping the Nizam of Hyderabad: Having neutralized the Marathas, Haidar Ali tactfully approached the Nizam of Hyderabad. He promised the Nizam a significant share of the conquered territories from the Nawab of Arcot, a staunch British ally. This brilliant diplomatic maneuver effectively flipped the Nizam, turning the tripartite alliance against the British and ultimately forcing them to sign the humiliating Treaty of Madras in 1769.

📌 Anglo-Mysore Wars • Battles

Q.2) Which English army commander was defeated by Haidar Ali in 1781 before Sir Eyre Coote successfully regrouped the British forces?

Ans > Colonel Baillie

Context of the Conflict: During the devastating Second Anglo-Mysore War (1780-1784), Haidar Ali launched a massive and highly coordinated offensive across the Carnatic region, aiming to systematically dismantle the British East India Company’s military outposts and supply lines.
The Disaster at Pollilur (1780): The most significant and shocking engagement in the early phase of this war was the Battle of Pollilur in September 1780. Here, Haidar Ali, supported by his son Tipu Sultan’s highly effective rocket artillery, intercepted and completely annihilated a British detachment led by Colonel William Baillie.
Impact and Regrouping: The total destruction of Baillie’s military force was universally considered the severest blow the British had suffered in India up to that point. It resulted in the capture of hundreds of British soldiers. In sheer panic, Warren Hastings, the Governor-General, immediately dispatched the veteran commander Sir Eyre Coote, who eventually stabilized the crumbling British position by narrowly defeating Haidar Ali at the Battle of Porto Novo in 1781.

📌 Anglo-Mysore Wars • Treaties

Q.3) Following Tipu Sultan’s defeat in the Third Anglo-Mysore War, the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) forced him to pay a war indemnity of what amount?

Ans > Three crore rupees

The Conclusion of the Third War: The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) concluded disastrously for Mysore when the allied forces of the British, Marathas, and the Nizam, led directly by Governor-General Lord Cornwallis, successfully besieged the capital city of Seringapatam, forcing Tipu Sultan to surrender.
Crippling Economic Indemnity: The resulting Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) was deliberately designed to permanently cripple Mysore as a military threat. Alongside losing half of his kingdom’s territory (including Malabar, Dindigul, and Baramahal), Tipu Sultan was forced to agree to a staggering and ruinous war indemnity of exactly three crore rupees.
Strategic Consequences: This massive financial burden severely hampered Tipu Sultan’s ambitious military modernization and state-building programs. The extraction of this wealth directly enriched the East India Company and its Indian allies, drastically shifting the balance of economic and military power in Southern India firmly into British hands.

📌 Anglo-Mysore Wars • Hostages

Q.4) Under the Treaty of Seringapatam, Tipu Sultan’s two sons were taken as hostages by the English as a guarantee for what?

Ans > The payment of the war indemnity

The Demand for Guarantees: Lord Cornwallis, fully aware of the sheer magnitude of the three crore rupee war indemnity demanded from Tipu Sultan under the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792), required absolute assurance that the staggering financial debt would be paid in full to the East India Company and its allies.
The Royal Hostages: Because Tipu Sultan’s treasury was severely depleted by years of continuous warfare and he could not immediately produce the full required amount, he was brutally forced to hand over two of his young sons—Abdul Khaliq and Maiz-ud-din—to the British as royal hostages.
Humiliation and Leverage: The princes were taken to Madras and held under strict British custody. This act was not merely a financial guarantee; it was a deeply symbolic political humiliation designed to crush Tipu’s prestige across India. The princes were only returned to their father after the entire indemnity was painstakingly paid off in multiple installments over the subsequent years.

📌 Maratha Empire • Treaties

Q.5) The Treaty of Bassein (1802) required the Peshwa to surrender which major trading city to the East India Company?

Ans > Surat

The Maratha Civil War: The context for the Treaty of Bassein (1802) arose from a bitter, internal civil war among the Maratha chiefs. Peshwa Baji Rao II, suffering a crushing defeat at the Battle of Poona at the hands of the rival Holkar faction, fled his capital in desperation and sought refuge with the British.
Accepting the Subsidiary Alliance: In exchange for British military protection and restoration to his throne in Poona, the Peshwa signed the Treaty of Bassein. This fatal agreement forced the Maratha Empire into a Subsidiary Alliance, effectively ending their sovereign independence and subjugating their foreign policy to the East India Company.
The Surrender of Surat: Among the many severe concessions demanded by the British, the Peshwa was forced to permanently surrender the highly lucrative, wealthy coastal trading city of Surat. Furthermore, he ceded territories yielding a massive annual revenue of 26 lakh rupees to financially maintain the British subsidiary force now stationed permanently within his domain.

📌 British Expansion • Punjab

Q.6) Which British Governor General is described in the text as a “hardcore expansionist” who used the pretext of the Multan uprising to completely annex Punjab in 1849?

Ans > Lord Dalhousie

The Hardcore Expansionist: Lord Dalhousie, serving as the Governor-General of India from 1848 to 1856, was renowned as a hardcore imperial expansionist. He aggressively utilized every possible legal loophole, including his infamous “Doctrine of Lapse,” and military provocation to systematically dismantle independent Indian states and expand the direct administrative borders of British India.
The Multan Uprising: In 1848, a localized rebellion erupted in Multan led by the Sikh governor, Mulraj, against the British-imposed administration. Instead of treating it as an isolated incident, Dalhousie deliberately allowed the rebellion to spread across the Punjab, using it as the perfect geopolitical pretext to declare the Second Anglo-Sikh War against the entire Khalsa army.
The Annexation of Punjab (1849): Following the incredibly bloody, hard-fought British victories at the battles of Chillianwala and Gujrat, Dalhousie officially and completely annexed the vast, prosperous region of Punjab into the British Empire in 1849. He permanently deposed the young Maharaja Duleep Singh, effectively erasing the last major, independent military power on the Indian subcontinent.

📌 Battles • Northern India

Q.7) The decisive British victory at the Battle of Buxar on October 22, 1764, made the English a great power in which part of India?

Ans > Northern India

The Catalyst for Conflict: The Battle of Buxar, fought on October 22, 1764, was the direct culmination of intense disputes over internal trade duties (dastaks) and political sovereignty between the ambitious Nawab of Bengal, Mir Qasim, and the increasingly aggressive, profit-driven British East India Company.
The Grand Alliance vs. The EIC: Mir Qasim, realizing he could not defeat the British alone, formed a formidable coalition with Shuja-ud-Daula (the powerful Nawab of Awadh) and Shah Alam II (the titular Mughal Emperor). However, this massive combined Indian army was decisively crushed by the highly disciplined British forces commanded by Major Hector Munro.
Establishment of British Supremacy: While the earlier Battle of Plassey (1757) had given the British control over Bengal through puppet rulers, the decisive military victory at Buxar officially transformed the East India Company into a sovereign, great power in Northern India. It led directly to the Treaty of Allahabad (1765), granting the Company the Diwani rights (revenue collection) over the massive territories of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha.

📌 Trade & Treaties • Bengal

Q.8) The 1760 treaty between Mir Kasim and the English Company included a provision that the Company would get half the share in the trade of which commodity in Sylhet?

Ans > Chunam

The Deposition of Mir Jafar: In 1760, the British East India Company, frustrated by Nawab Mir Jafar’s inability to continuously fulfill their endless financial demands and suspicious of his secret communications with the Dutch, forcefully deposed him. They elevated his son-in-law, Mir Kasim, to the throne of Bengal.
The Price of the Throne: To secure his position and appease the corrupt Company officials, Mir Kasim was forced to sign a highly exploitative treaty in 1760. He outright granted the British the zamindari (revenue-collecting) rights to three massive, highly productive districts: Burdwan, Midnapore, and Chittagong.
The Sylhet Chunam Trade: Crucially, the 1760 treaty also included a specific, highly lucrative commercial provision granting the East India Company exactly half the share in the incredibly profitable trade of Chunam (limestone) originating from the Sylhet region. This systematic economic extraction heavily financed the Company’s military campaigns in southern India but ultimately destroyed the local Bengal economy, leading to Mir Kasim’s eventual revolt.

📌 Bengal History • Tragedies

Q.9) The much-debated ‘Black Hole Tragedy’, where 123 English persons reportedly died of suffocation, occurred during the rule of which Nawab of Bengal?

Ans > Siraj-ud-Daulah

The Fall of Calcutta (1756): Angered by the East India Company’s blatant misuse of trade privileges and their unauthorized, aggressive fortification of Calcutta against his direct orders, the young Nawab of Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah, marched on the city in 1756 and successfully captured the British stronghold of Fort William.
The Incident in the Dungeon: According to the highly contested historical account provided by British survivor John Zephaniah Holwell, the Nawab’s troops crammed 146 British prisoners of war into a tiny, poorly ventilated guardroom (which the British dubbed the “Black Hole”) overnight. Holwell claimed that due to intense heat and horrific suffocation, 123 of the prisoners tragically died before morning.
Propaganda and Retaliation: While modern historians heavily debate the exact casualty numbers and argue that Holwell massively exaggerated the incident, the ‘Black Hole Tragedy’ became a powerful piece of imperial propaganda. It was aggressively used by the British public and Robert Clive to justify the subsequent invasion of Bengal, the overthrow of Siraj-ud-Daulah, and the decisive British victory at the Battle of Plassey in 1757.

📌 Carnatic Wars • Naval Engagements

Q.10) During the Third Carnatic War, the English went on the offensive and inflicted heavy losses on the French fleet under Admiral D’Ache at which location?

Ans > Masulipatnam

The Global Conflict in India: The Third Carnatic War (1758–1763) was the Indian theater of the global Seven Years’ War fought primarily between the British and the French. It was the ultimate, decisive struggle for total colonial and commercial supremacy over the Indian subcontinent.
The Naval Decimation: Understanding that land campaigns relied heavily on maritime supply chains, the English navy went on a massive offensive. In a critical naval engagement near Masulipatnam, the British fleet inflicted incredibly heavy, irreplaceable losses on the French naval squadron commanded by Admiral D’Ache.
The Road to Wandiwash: This severe naval defeat forced Admiral D’Ache to completely withdraw from Indian waters, abandoning the French land forces. Cut off from essential reinforcements, funds, and supplies from Europe, the French commander Count de Lally was totally isolated. This logistical strangulation directly paved the way for the total annihilation of the French army by Sir Eyre Coote at the decisive Battle of Wandiwash in 1760, ending French imperial dreams in India.

📌 Regional Powers • Kerala

Q.11) Which Indian ruler established the independent state of Kerala and organized his army along Western models while expanding from Kanyakumari to Cochin?

Ans > Martanda Varma

The Rise of Travancore: In the early 18th century, the Kerala region was highly fragmented into numerous weak, warring principalities. Martanda Varma, an incredibly visionary and ruthless ruler, aggressively conquered and absorbed these smaller states, effectively forging the powerful, centralized, and independent state of Travancore, expanding its borders continuously from Kanyakumari all the way to Cochin.
The Defeat of the Dutch: Martanda Varma understood the severe threat posed by European colonial powers. In a monumental historical event, he decisively defeated the Dutch East India Company at the famous Battle of Colachel in 1741, permanently destroying their political influence and military ambitions in the Malabar region.
Western Military Modernization: Unlike many Indian rulers who relied on traditional levies, Martanda Varma fundamentally revolutionized his military apparatus. He established a highly disciplined, standing army organized strictly along modern Western lines, equipping them with advanced European firearms and artillery. This formidable military machine, backed by a strict state monopoly over the lucrative black pepper trade, made Travancore a dominant regional superpower.

📌 Regional Powers • Hyderabad

Q.12) The founder of the independent Asaf-Jah house of Hyderabad was Kilich Khan, who is more popularly known by what title?

Ans > Nizam-ul-Mulk

Disillusionment with the Mughals: Kilich Khan, a brilliant diplomat and highly capable military general, served as the Wazir under the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah. However, he became deeply disgusted by the continuous factionalism, unchecked corruption, and frivolous nature of the rapidly declining Mughal court in Delhi, realizing the empire was beyond salvation.
The March to the Deccan: Determined to carve out his own destiny, he abandoned his post in Delhi and strategically marched towards the Deccan region. After decisively defeating the Mughal governor Mubariz Khan at the Battle of Shakar-Kheda in 1724, he effectively severed all meaningful ties with the central imperial authority.
Founding the Asaf-Jahi Dynasty: Adopting the prestigious title of Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah, he formally established the independent Asaf-Jahi dynasty, laying the absolute foundation for the incredibly wealthy and powerful state of Hyderabad. While he symbolically paid lip service to the Mughal Emperor, for all practical administrative, military, and diplomatic purposes, Hyderabad operated as a completely independent sovereign nation.

📌 Invasions • Mughal Era

Q.13) The Battle of Karnal, where the Persian emperor Nadir Shah decisively defeated the Mughal army, was fought on which exact date?

Ans > February 13, 1739

The Persian Invasion: In 1739, exploiting the severe internal weaknesses, factionalism, and military decay of the later Mughal Empire, the brilliant and ruthless Persian conqueror Nadir Shah launched a massive, devastating invasion of northern India, marching his battle-hardened forces almost unopposed toward the imperial capital.
The Battle of Karnal: The defining clash occurred exactly on February 13, 1739, at Karnal (located north of Delhi). Despite the Mughal army under Emperor Muhammad Shah being massively larger in sheer numbers, they were terribly disorganized and totally outmaneuvered by Nadir Shah’s superior artillery tactics and mobile cavalry. The Mughal forces were completely crushed in a matter of hours.
The Plunder of Delhi: This catastrophic defeat left Delhi entirely defenseless. Nadir Shah entered the capital and ordered a horrific general massacre of its citizens. When he eventually returned to Persia, he took with him an unimaginable fortune in looted wealth, permanently crippling the Mughal economy. This included the legendary Peacock Throne of Shah Jahan and the priceless Koh-i-Noor diamond.

📌 Punjab History • Post-Ranjit Singh

Q.14) After the assassination of Hira Singh Dogra in 1844, who became the new wazir of Punjab, only to incur the displeasure of the army and be put to death in 1845?

Ans > Jawahar Singh

The Chaos of the Sikh Empire: Following the death of the powerful Maharaja Ranjit Singh in 1839, the once-mighty Sikh Empire rapidly descended into a bloody period of extreme political anarchy, brutal assassinations, and rapid turnover of rulers, severely weakening the state from within.
The Rise and Fall of Jawahar Singh: Amidst this intense factional bloodshed, following the assassination of Wazir Hira Singh Dogra in 1844, Jawahar Singh (the brother of Maharani Jindan and uncle to the child-king Duleep Singh) managed to maneuver himself into the position of the new Wazir of Punjab.
Execution by the Khalsa Army: Jawahar Singh proved to be an incompetent and highly unpopular administrator. His actions, particularly his suspected involvement in the assassination of popular rival leaders, incurred the severe wrath of the all-powerful Sikh Khalsa Army (which was governed by democratic councils called Panchayats). In 1845, the army outright mutinied, dragged him from the royal palace, and brutally executed him in front of his sister, plunging the empire into a final crisis that triggered the First Anglo-Sikh War.

📌 Treaties • Sikh Empire

Q.15) By signing the Treaty of Amritsar (1809), Maharaja Ranjit Singh acknowledged the British right over which specific territories?

Ans > Cis-Sutlej territories

The Ambitions of Ranjit Singh: Maharaja Ranjit Singh, having successfully consolidated his absolute power across the massive trans-Sutlej region, harbored deep ambitions to aggressively expand his Sikh Empire further southwards, specifically targeting the wealthy, independent Sikh principalities located in the Cis-Sutlej region (such as Patiala, Nabha, and Jind).
British Intervention and Diplomacy: The British East India Company, fearing the emergence of a unified, massively powerful Sikh state right on the borders of their Delhi territory, intervened diplomatically. They sent the skilled envoy Charles Metcalfe to negotiate terms and halt Ranjit Singh’s southern military advance.
The Strategic Compromise: Realizing the immense military power of the British and wishing to avoid a premature, destructive war, Ranjit Singh pragmatically signed the Treaty of Amritsar in 1809. By signing, he officially acknowledged the Sutlej River as the permanent boundary, strictly recognizing British suzerainty over the Cis-Sutlej territories. In return, the British promised non-interference, allowing Ranjit Singh a free hand to expand his empire north and west towards Peshawar, Multan, and Kashmir.

📌 Regional Powers • Sindh

Q.16) In the late 18th century, which Afghan ruler confirmed the claims of Mir Fath Ali Khan over Sindh and ordered him to share the country with his brothers?

Ans > The Durrani monarch

The Fall of the Kalloras: Throughout the 18th century, the Sindh region was governed by the Kallora dynasty. However, their rule became increasingly tyrannical, leading to widespread discontent among the powerful local tribes, particularly the fierce Baloch tribe known as the Talpurs, who ultimately rebelled and overthrew the Kalloras in 1783.
Recognition by the Afghan Suzerain: Following the successful rebellion, the leader of the Talpurs, Mir Fath Ali Khan, sought political legitimacy. He applied to the regional overlord, the Afghan Durrani monarch (Zaman Shah), who officially confirmed Mir Fath Ali Khan’s sovereign claims and legally recognized him as the new ruler of Sindh.
The Rule of the ‘Char Yar’: In a highly unique political arrangement, the Durrani monarch explicitly ordered Mir Fath Ali Khan to share the administrative and territorial power of the country equally with his three brothers. This decentralized, collective leadership system became famous in history as the rule of the “Char Yar” (The Four Friends), which governed Sindh until the British conquest.

📌 British Expansion • Sindh

Q.17) Which Governor General sent Colonel Pottinger to Sindh in 1832 to sign a commercial treaty with the Amirs?

Ans > William Bentinck

The Strategic Importance of the Indus: In the 1830s, the British East India Company, driven by growing paranoia regarding potential Russian expansion into Central Asia, began aggressively looking for ways to establish political and commercial dominance over the Indus River, viewing it as a vital strategic and logistical artery into the northwest.
Bentinck’s Commercial Diplomacy: In 1832, Governor-General William Bentinck explicitly dispatched Colonel Henry Pottinger as a diplomatic envoy to the Talpur Amirs of Sindh. His primary objective was to forcefully negotiate and sign a binding commercial treaty, prying open the previously closed borders of the region to British influence.
The Terms of the Treaty: The resulting 1832 treaty officially opened the Indus River and the roads of Sindh to British merchants for commercial trade. However, the suspicious Amirs strictly mandated that no armed British vessels, military stores, or armed troops were to be allowed passage. Despite these restrictions, this treaty was the crucial first step in the gradual British strangulation and ultimate, unjust annexation of Sindh in 1843.

📌 Tripartite Treaty • Sindh

Q.18) Under the Tripartite Treaty of 1838, Shah Shuja gave up his sovereign rights over the Amirs of which region in return for a large sum of money?

Ans > Sindh

The Russian Threat and The Great Game: In the late 1830s, British foreign policy was entirely consumed by ‘The Great Game’—a deep-seated fear that the Russian Empire was slowly expanding its influence through Persia toward Afghanistan, directly threatening the borders of British India. To counter this, they sought to install a pliant puppet ruler on the Afghan throne.
Forging the Tripartite Treaty (1838): Governor-General Lord Auckland engineered the highly ambitious Tripartite Treaty, forming an alliance between the East India Company, the powerful Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and the exiled, former Afghan king Shah Shuja. The objective was to militarily overthrow the current Afghan Amir, Dost Mohammed, and forcefully restore Shah Shuja.
The Betrayal of Sindh: To fund this massive military expedition, the treaty heavily exploited the Amirs of Sindh. Shah Shuja, completely acting under British pressure, formally gave up his historical, sovereign claims of suzerainty over the Amirs of Sindh. In direct exchange, the British forced the Amirs to pay a massive, extortionate sum of money to Shah Shuja, treating Sindh as a mere geopolitical pawn.

📌 Anglo-Afghan Wars • Surrenders

Q.19) During the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–42), Dost Mohammed surrendered to the British forces in which year?

Ans > 1840

The Invasion of Afghanistan: The First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–1842) commenced with a massive, initially successful invasion by the British “Army of the Indus.” Their primary strategic objective was to aggressively depose the reigning Amir, Dost Mohammed, who they believed was too friendly with the Russians, and replace him with their puppet, Shah Shuja.
The Fall of Kabul and Surrender: The British military columns swiftly captured the major strategic cities of Kandahar and Ghazni, eventually marching triumphantly into the capital, Kabul, in 1839. Dost Mohammed, lacking the organized military strength to face the British army in open battle, fled into the Hindu Kush mountains. However, realizing the futility of his situation, he officially surrendered to the British forces in late 1840.
Exile and Eventual Return: Following his surrender, Dost Mohammed was honorably exiled to India and held in British custody. However, his surrender did not end the war; it sparked massive, bloody tribal uprisings across Afghanistan against the British occupation, ultimately leading to the total destruction of the retreating British army. Ironically, after the disaster, the British simply released Dost Mohammed, allowing him to reclaim his throne.

📌 Anglo-Afghan Wars • Puppet Rulers

Q.20) Who was made the Amir of Afghanistan by the British after Dost Mohammed surrendered in 1840?

Ans > Shah Shuja

The Puppet King of Kabul: Following the successful British invasion of Afghanistan and the deposition of Dost Mohammed during the early phase of the First Anglo-Afghan War, the British forcibly installed Shah Shuja on the throne of Kabul. Shah Shuja was an exiled former king who had lived for decades as a British pensioner in India.
Massive Unpopularity: Shah Shuja was utterly despised by the fiercely independent Afghan tribes. He was entirely viewed not as a legitimate sovereign, but as a weak, illegitimate puppet propped up exclusively by the bayonets of foreign infidel armies. His rule lacked any genuine grassroots support or traditional tribal consensus.
The Bloody Uprising: Because Shah Shuja’s authority relied entirely on the presence of the British garrison, it bred deep resentment. This anger culminated in a massive, nationwide tribal insurrection in late 1841. This uprising led to the brutal assassination of top British envoys (like Alexander Burnes and William Macnaghten), the complete annihilation of Major General Elphinstone’s retreating army in the snowy passes, and eventually, the assassination of Shah Shuja himself in 1842.

📌 Anglo-Afghan Wars • Treaties

Q.21) Under the Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879), the Afghan Amir agreed to station a permanent British resident in which city?

Ans > Kabul

The Second Anglo-Afghan War: In 1878, fueled by a renewed wave of intense Russophobia (fear of Russian expansion), the British launched the Second Anglo-Afghan War. They successfully invaded Afghanistan after the reigning Amir, Sher Ali, accepted a Russian diplomatic mission but forcibly turned away a similar British envoy at the Khyber Pass.
Subjugating the New Amir: Following Sher Ali’s death during the invasion, his son, Yakub Khan, realized the military situation was hopeless. In May 1879, he signed the deeply humiliating Treaty of Gandamak, a treaty that fundamentally stripped Afghanistan of its geopolitical independence, effectively transforming the nation into a heavily monitored British protectorate.
The Permanent Resident in Kabul: The most crucial and controversial clause of the treaty mandated that the Afghan Amir must permanently station a British resident (diplomatic envoy) in the capital city of Kabul, allowing the British to directly control Afghan foreign policy. Sir Louis Cavagnari was appointed to this post. However, this forced presence deeply angered the Afghan populace, leading to a massive mutiny merely months later where Cavagnari and his entire escort were brutally massacred.

📌 Peasant Revolts • Bengal

Q.22) The 1859-60 widespread revolt by peasants against being forced to grow a specific cash crop by European planters is known as what?

Ans > Indigo Revolt

The Exploitative ‘Dadani’ System: The Indigo Revolt (1859-60) was a massive, widespread agrarian uprising in Bengal caused by extreme economic exploitation. European planters systematically forced local peasants (ryots) to cultivate indigo instead of essential food crops. They used the fraudulent ‘dadani’ system, advancing tiny loans to peasants at exorbitant interest rates, binding their families into permanent, generational debt-slavery.
The Peasant Uprising: Driven to absolute starvation, the ryots of Bengal engaged in a massive, remarkably organized revolt. They collectively refused to take advances, physically attacked European planters and their armed retainers (lathiyals), and successfully fought off the corrupt local police who supported the planters. The revolt effectively shut down indigo cultivation across massive swathes of Bengal.
Intellectual and Cultural Impact: This agrarian struggle received unprecedented support from the Bengali intelligentsia in Calcutta. The horrific plight of the peasants was powerfully immortalized in Dinabandhu Mitra’s groundbreaking Bengali play, Nil Darpan (The Indigo Mirror), which exposed the planters’ brutality. Journalists like Harish Chandra Mukherjee continuously published damning reports in the Hindu Patriot, forcing the British government to appoint the Indigo Commission and eventually reform the system.

📌 Tribal Uprisings • Chhotanagpur

Q.23) The Kol Mutiny of 1831 erupted as a result of large-scale land transfers to outsiders like Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim farmers in which region?

Ans > Chhotanagpur

The Tribal Heartland: The Kol Mutiny of 1831 was a massive, incredibly violent tribal uprising that erupted across the Chhotanagpur plateau (covering areas like Ranchi, Singhbhum, and Palamu). The Kol tribes had lived in this heavily forested region for centuries, governed by their own traditional socio-economic customs and land tenure systems.
The Intrusion of the ‘Dikus’: The primary catalyst for the massive rebellion was the aggressive introduction of British administrative and revenue policies. The British systematically dismantled traditional tribal land rights, facilitating the large-scale, forced transfer of ancestral Kol lands to outsiders. These outsiders, deeply hated by the tribals and referred to as “dikus,” were predominantly Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim farmers, revenue farmers, and ruthless moneylenders from the plains.
The Violent Eruption: Facing total economic ruin and the systematic destruction of their cultural identity, the Kols, led by figures like Buddho Bhagat, rose in open, armed rebellion in 1831. They engaged in widespread arson and violence, specifically targeting and killing the outsider ‘dikus’ and burning down their properties. The British East India Company had to deploy massive military battalions to brutally suppress the uprising, which took over a year to fully pacify.

📌 Tribal Uprisings • Bengal

Q.24) In the Chuar Rebellion of 1798, the rebels indulged in violent activities to halt the auction of the estate belonging to Durjan Singh. Where was this estate located?

Ans > Raipur

The Grievances of the Jungle Mahals: The Chuar Rebellion (which peaked around 1798) took place in the heavily forested ‘Jungle Mahals’ region of southwestern Bengal (modern-day Midnapore and Bankura). The “Chuars” (a derogatory term used by the British for local Bhumij tribals) were severely impacted by the harsh, ruinous land revenue policies imposed by the East India Company following the grant of Diwani.
The Displacement of Durjan Singh: The rebellion was heavily led by displaced local elites who had lost their ancestral lands due to their inability to pay the exorbitant, enhanced British taxes. A central figure was Durjan Singh, a prominent, highly respected local zamindar who completely lost his sprawling ancestral estate of Raipur when the British callously put it up for public auction to recover tax arrears.
Mass Violence and Resistance: In furious retaliation, Durjan Singh successfully mobilized thousands of heavily armed Chuar tribals and disgruntled Paiks (traditional local militia whose tax-free lands were also confiscated). In 1798, they engaged in massive, highly organized violent activities, burning down government offices, looting treasuries, and physically halting the auction of the Raipur estate, completely paralyzing the East India Company’s administration in the region for several years.

📌 Anti-British Revolts • Odisha

Q.25) During the Paika Rebellion of 1817, the English Company’s abolition of which traditional currency severely affected the common masses in Odisha?

Ans > Cowrie currency

The Context of the Rebellion: The Paika Rebellion (Paika Bidroha) of 1817 was a massive, widespread armed uprising against the British East India Company’s rule in Odisha. It was primarily led by Bakshi Jagabandhu, the former military commander of the King of Khurda, heavily supported by the ‘Paikas’, who were the traditional landed militia of the region.
Ruinous Revenue Policies: The root cause of the rebellion was extreme economic devastation. Following the British conquest of Odisha in 1803, the Company introduced incredibly harsh, extortionate land revenue settlements. They ruthlessly confiscated the rent-free lands historically granted to the Paikas for their military service, reducing them to absolute poverty overnight.
The Abolition of Cowrie Currency: The most severe economic blow to the common masses was the Company’s abrupt and deeply insensitive abolition of the traditional Cowrie shell currency, which had been the standard medium of exchange for centuries in Odisha. The British strictly demanded all massive tax payments be made exclusively in silver coin. This single policy destroyed the local economy, ruined the peasantry and local salt makers, and served as the direct catalyst that ignited the bloody 1817 uprising.

📌 Civil Rebellions • UP

Q.26) In 1816, a bloody scuffle between the followers of Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz and the police over a tax imposition led to a violent uprising in which town?

Ans > Bareilly

The Imposition of the Police Tax: The bloody Bareilly Uprising in Uttar Pradesh in 1816 was directly triggered by the highly insensitive and aggressive economic policies of the local British administration. The British unilaterally imposed a harsh municipal tax, known as the Chaukidari tax, specifically designed to forcefully fund a new, highly unpopular local police force.
The Spark of Violence: The citizens of Bareilly intensely resented this arbitrary taxation. Tensions rapidly escalated into a highly volatile situation when the local police, while forcefully attempting to collect the tax, brutally injured a prominent follower of Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz, a deeply respected local Islamic scholar and spiritual leader.
The Armed Revolt: This act of police brutality acted as a catalyst, merging economic grievances with intense religious outrage. Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz successfully mobilized the angered population, declaring a religious war (jihad) against the local magistrates. In a massive, bloody scuffle, heavily armed citizens, joined by insurgents from neighboring towns like Pilibhit and Rampur, fiercely attacked British officials and military contingents. The rebellion was only suppressed after the British deployed heavy artillery, resulting in the deaths of over 300 rebels.

📌 Zamindari Revolts • Northern Circars

Q.27) Strikara Bhanj, who rebelled against the British in 1800, was a prominent zamindar in which district of the Northern Circars?

Ans > Ganjam

The Zamindari Resistance: Throughout the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the powerful, highly independent zamindars of the Northern Circars (the coastal region of modern-day Andhra Pradesh and Odisha) fiercely resisted the aggressively expanding authority and relentless financial extraction of the British East India Company.
The Defiance of Strikara Bhanj: A prominent example of this fierce resistance was Strikara Bhanj, the powerful zamindar of the Ghumsur estate, located in the densely forested Ganjam district. Outraged by the exorbitant, highly exploitative revenue demands imposed by the Company, he outright refused to pay his tribute in 1800, openly challenging British sovereignty.
Military Suppression: Strikara Bhanj’s open rebellion was highly significant because he successfully mobilized the fiercely loyal local tribal populations to wage a prolonged guerrilla war against the Company. The defiance was so severe that the British civil administration completely collapsed, forcing the East India Company to deploy massive, heavily armed military battalions to scour the jungles, violently suppress the uprising, and eventually depose the rebellious zamindar.

📌 Peasant Revolts • Assam

Q.28) The 1769 revolt of the Moamarias, who were low-caste peasants, weakened which kingdom and opened its doors for subsequent invasions?

Ans > The Ahom kingdom

The Nature of the Moamarias: The Moamarias were an extremely powerful, highly organized, low-caste Vaishnavite peasant sect living in the rich Brahmaputra valley of Assam. For decades, they harbored intense socio-religious and economic grievances against the oppressive, orthodox policies and the absolute, dictatorial authority of the ruling Ahom kings.
The Devastating 1769 Revolt: These simmering tensions finally exploded into a massive, full-scale armed rebellion in 1769. The Moamaria peasants, fighting a fierce guerrilla war, successfully managed to depose the Ahom king and capture the capital. Although the Ahom dynasty eventually regained control, the subsequent decades were marked by continuous, bloody civil war that utterly ruined the agrarian economy.
The Fall of the Kingdom: The prolonged Moamaria rebellion proved to be a fatal turning point in Assamese history. It completely devastated the Ahom kingdom’s demography and irreversibly crippled its military strength. This severe internal weakness directly opened the doors for the devastating, large-scale Burmese invasions of Assam in the early 19th century, which in turn forced the British East India Company to intervene and ultimately annex the entire region via the Treaty of Yandabo in 1826.

📌 Early EIC Conflicts • Bengal

Q.29) After the Mughal raid on the English settlement at Hooghly in 1686, the English retaliated by capturing the imperial forts at which location?

Ans > Thana

The Hubris of the EIC: In the 1680s, the English East India Company, led in London by the highly aggressive Sir Josiah Child, foolishly decided they were militarily powerful enough to dictate terms to the mighty Mughal Empire. They officially declared war on Emperor Aurangzeb in an attempt to secure fortified settlements and extensive, tax-free trading privileges in Bengal.
The Disastrous ‘Child’s War’: This conflict, famously known as ‘Child’s War’ (1686-1690), proved to be a massive miscalculation. The vastly superior Mughal forces effortlessly crushed the English factories in Bengal. Following a devastating Mughal raid on the main English settlement at Hooghly in 1686, the desperate English forces retaliated by attacking and temporarily capturing the imperial Mughal forts located at Thana (near modern-day Kolkata).
The Humiliating Apology: This minor English victory at Thana was totally meaningless against the sheer scale of the Mughal Empire. Aurangzeb swiftly expelled the English from Bengal entirely and ordered the seizure of all their properties across India. Facing total commercial ruin, the East India Company was forced to submit a deeply humiliating apology to Aurangzeb, pay a massive financial fine, and beg for permission to return, eventually leading to Job Charnock establishing the settlement that would become Calcutta.

📌 Socio-Religious Movements • Islam

Q.30) The Wahabi Movement in India was inspired by the teachings of Shah Waliullah of Delhi and which other Islamic scholar from Saudi Arabia?

Ans > Abdul Wahab

The Ideological Roots: The Wahabi Movement in India, formally known as the Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya, was a powerful, highly militant Islamic revivalist and puritanical campaign that gained immense traction in the 19th century. Its core ideology was deeply inspired by the fundamentalist, puritanical teachings of Abdul Wahab from Saudi Arabia, who sought to purge Islam of all un-Islamic, syncretic innovations.
The Influence of Shah Waliullah: In the Indian context, the movement was heavily influenced by the teachings of the prominent 18th-century Delhi-based theologian, Shah Waliullah. He argued that the rapid political decline of Muslim power in India (following the collapse of the Mughal Empire) was a direct result of Muslims straying from the pure, original tenets of early Islam, urging a return to strict Quranic principles.
The Jihad Against Foreign Rule: Founded in India by Syed Ahmed Barelvi, the movement quickly transformed from a religious reform campaign into a highly organized, armed political struggle. Barelvi declared that India, under the rule of the British and the Sikhs, had become a ‘Dar-ul-Harb’ (Land of War/Infidels). The ultimate, stated objective of the Wahabi movement was to launch a massive, coordinated Jihad (holy war) to overthrow these foreign rulers and re-establish a pure Islamic state (‘Dar-ul-Islam’) in the subcontinent.

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 26

Haidar Ali’s Diplomacy: Promised to share conquered territories with the Nizam of Hyderabad.
Battle of Pollilur: Haidar Ali defeated British Colonel Baillie in 1781.
Treaty of Seringapatam (1792): Forced Tipu Sultan to pay an indemnity of 3 crore rupees.
Tipu’s Sons: Taken as royal hostages to guarantee war indemnity payment.
Treaty of Bassein (1802): The Peshwa surrendered the trading city of Surat to the EIC.
Annexation of Punjab (1849): Executed by expansionist Governor General Lord Dalhousie.
Battle of Buxar (1764): Established the English as a great power in Northern India.
1760 Treaty (Mir Kasim): EIC received a half share in the Chunam trade of Sylhet.
Black Hole Tragedy: Occurred in 1756 during the rule of Siraj-ud-Daulah.
Third Carnatic War: English defeated the French fleet at Masulipatnam.
Modernization of Kerala: Martanda Varma established the powerful independent state of Travancore.
Hyderabad Founder: Kilich Khan founded the Asaf-Jahi dynasty as Nizam-ul-Mulk.
Battle of Karnal: Nadir Shah crushed the Mughals on February 13, 1739.
Anarchy in Punjab: Jawahar Singh became wazir in 1844 but was put to death in 1845.
Treaty of Amritsar (1809): Ranjit Singh recognized British rights over Cis-Sutlej territories.
Sindh Rulers: The Durrani monarch confirmed Mir Fath Ali Khan’s claim over Sindh.
1832 Sindh Treaty: William Bentinck sent Colonel Pottinger for a commercial treaty.
Tripartite Treaty (1838): Shah Shuja surrendered sovereign rights over Sindh for money.
First Anglo-Afghan War: Amir Dost Mohammed surrendered to the British in 1840.
Puppet Afghan Ruler: Shah Shuja was made Amir of Afghanistan by the British.
Treaty of Gandamak (1879): Required a permanent British resident in Kabul.
1859-60 Peasant Revolt: The Indigo Revolt opposed forced cash crop cultivation.
Kol Mutiny (1831): Erupted in Chhotanagpur due to land transfers to outsiders.
Chuar Rebellion (1798): Rebels violently protested the auction of the Raipur estate.
Paika Rebellion (1817): Sparked by the abolition of the traditional Cowrie currency in Odisha.
Bareilly Uprising (1816): A violent scuffle over taxation involving Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz.
Northern Circars Resistance: Strikara Bhanj rebelled against the British in Ganjam (1800).
Moamaria Revolt (1769): Weakened the Ahom kingdom and invited later invasions.
English Retaliation (1686): Captured Mughal forts at Thana after the Hooghly raid.
Wahabi Movement: Inspired by Shah Waliullah of Delhi and Abdul Wahab of Saudi Arabia.

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Modern History Set 26

Q.1) During the First Anglo-Mysore War, Haidar Ali tactfully forged an anti-English alliance by paying off the Marathas and promising to share conquered territories with whom?

Q.2) Which English army commander was defeated by Haidar Ali in 1781 before Sir Eyre Coote successfully regrouped the British forces?

Q.3) Following Tipu Sultan’s defeat in the Third Anglo-Mysore War, the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) forced him to pay a war indemnity of what amount?

Q.4) Under the Treaty of Seringapatam, Tipu Sultan’s two sons were taken as hostages by the English as a guarantee for what?

Q.5) The Treaty of Bassein (1802) required the Peshwa to surrender which major trading city to the East India Company?

Q.6) Which British Governor General is described in the text as a “hardcore expansionist” who used the pretext of the Multan uprising to completely annex Punjab in 1849?

Q.7) The decisive British victory at the Battle of Buxar on October 22, 1764, made the English a great power in which part of India?

Q.8) The 1760 treaty between Mir Kasim and the English Company included a provision that the Company would get half the share in the trade of which commodity in Sylhet?

Q.9) The much-debated ‘Black Hole Tragedy’, where 123 English persons reportedly died of suffocation, occurred during the rule of which Nawab of Bengal?

Q.10) During the Third Carnatic War, the English went on the offensive and inflicted heavy losses on the French fleet under Admiral D’Ache at which location?

Q.11) Which Indian ruler established the independent state of Kerala and organized his army along Western models while expanding from Kanyakumari to Cochin?

Q.12) The founder of the independent Asaf-Jah house of Hyderabad was Kilich Khan, who is more popularly known by what title?

Q.13) The Battle of Karnal, where the Persian emperor Nadir Shah decisively defeated the Mughal army, was fought on which exact date?

Q.14) After the assassination of Hira Singh Dogra in 1844, who became the new wazir of Punjab, only to incur the displeasure of the army and be put to death in 1845?

Q.15) By signing the Treaty of Amritsar (1809), Maharaja Ranjit Singh acknowledged the British right over which specific territories?

Q.16) In the late 18th century, which Afghan ruler confirmed the claims of Mir Fath Ali Khan over Sindh and ordered him to share the country with his brothers?

Q.17) Which Governor General sent Colonel Pottinger to Sindh in 1832 to sign a commercial treaty with the Amirs?

Q.18) Under the Tripartite Treaty of 1838, Shah Shuja gave up his sovereign rights over the Amirs of which region in return for a large sum of money?

Q.19) During the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–42), Dost Mohammed surrendered to the British forces in which year?

Q.20) Who was made the Amir of Afghanistan by the British after Dost Mohammed surrendered in 1840?

Q.21) Under the Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879), the Afghan Amir agreed to station a permanent British resident in which city?

Q.22) The 1859-60 widespread revolt by peasants against being forced to grow a specific cash crop by European planters is known as what?

Q.23) The Kol Mutiny of 1831 erupted as a result of large-scale land transfers to outsiders like Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim farmers in which region?

Q.24) In the Chuar Rebellion of 1798, the rebels indulged in violent activities to halt the auction of the estate belonging to Durjan Singh. Where was this estate located?

Q.25) During the Paika Rebellion of 1817, the English Company’s abolition of which traditional currency severely affected the common masses in Odisha?

Q.26) In 1816, a bloody scuffle between the followers of Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz and the police over a tax imposition led to a violent uprising in which town?

Q.27) Strikara Bhanj, who rebelled against the British in 1800, was a prominent zamindar in which district of the Northern Circars?

Q.28) The 1769 revolt of the Moamarias, who were low-caste peasants, weakened which kingdom and opened its doors for subsequent invasions?

Q.29) After the Mughal raid on the English settlement at Hooghly in 1686, the English retaliated by capturing the imperial forts at which location?

Q.30) The Wahabi Movement in India was inspired by the teachings of Shah Waliullah of Delhi and which other Islamic scholar from Saudi Arabia?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 26

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Q.1) During the First Anglo-Mysore War, Haidar Ali tactfully forged an anti-English alliance by paying off the Marathas and promising to share conquered territories with whom?

Q.2) Which English army commander was defeated by Haidar Ali in 1781 before Sir Eyre Coote successfully regrouped the British forces?

Q.3) Following Tipu Sultan’s defeat in the Third Anglo-Mysore War, the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792) forced him to pay a war indemnity of what amount?

Q.4) Under the Treaty of Seringapatam, Tipu Sultan’s two sons were taken as hostages by the English as a guarantee for what?

Q.5) The Treaty of Bassein (1802) required the Peshwa to surrender which major trading city to the East India Company?

Q.6) Which British Governor General is described in the text as a “hardcore expansionist” who used the pretext of the Multan uprising to completely annex Punjab in 1849?

Q.7) The decisive British victory at the Battle of Buxar on October 22, 1764, made the English a great power in which part of India?

Q.8) The 1760 treaty between Mir Kasim and the English Company included a provision that the Company would get half the share in the trade of which commodity in Sylhet?

Q.9) The much-debated ‘Black Hole Tragedy’, where 123 English persons reportedly died of suffocation, occurred during the rule of which Nawab of Bengal?

Q.10) During the Third Carnatic War, the English went on the offensive and inflicted heavy losses on the French fleet under Admiral D’Ache at which location?

Q.11) Which Indian ruler established the independent state of Kerala and organized his army along Western models while expanding from Kanyakumari to Cochin?

Q.12) The founder of the independent Asaf-Jah house of Hyderabad was Kilich Khan, who is more popularly known by what title?

Q.13) The Battle of Karnal, where the Persian emperor Nadir Shah decisively defeated the Mughal army, was fought on which exact date?

Q.14) After the assassination of Hira Singh Dogra in 1844, who became the new wazir of Punjab, only to incur the displeasure of the army and be put to death in 1845?

Q.15) By signing the Treaty of Amritsar (1809), Maharaja Ranjit Singh acknowledged the British right over which specific territories?

Q.16) In the late 18th century, which Afghan ruler confirmed the claims of Mir Fath Ali Khan over Sindh and ordered him to share the country with his brothers?

Q.17) Which Governor General sent Colonel Pottinger to Sindh in 1832 to sign a commercial treaty with the Amirs?

Q.18) Under the Tripartite Treaty of 1838, Shah Shuja gave up his sovereign rights over the Amirs of which region in return for a large sum of money?

Q.19) During the First Anglo-Afghan War (1839–42), Dost Mohammed surrendered to the British forces in which year?

Q.20) Who was made the Amir of Afghanistan by the British after Dost Mohammed surrendered in 1840?

Q.21) Under the Treaty of Gandamak (May 1879), the Afghan Amir agreed to station a permanent British resident in which city?

Q.22) The 1859-60 widespread revolt by peasants against being forced to grow a specific cash crop by European planters is known as what?

Q.23) The Kol Mutiny of 1831 erupted as a result of large-scale land transfers to outsiders like Hindu, Sikh, and Muslim farmers in which region?

Q.24) In the Chuar Rebellion of 1798, the rebels indulged in violent activities to halt the auction of the estate belonging to Durjan Singh. Where was this estate located?

Q.25) During the Paika Rebellion of 1817, the English Company’s abolition of which traditional currency severely affected the common masses in Odisha?

Q.26) In 1816, a bloody scuffle between the followers of Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz and the police over a tax imposition led to a violent uprising in which town?

Q.27) Strikara Bhanj, who rebelled against the British in 1800, was a prominent zamindar in which district of the Northern Circars?

Q.28) The 1769 revolt of the Moamarias, who were low-caste peasants, weakened which kingdom and opened its doors for subsequent invasions?

Q.29) After the Mughal raid on the English settlement at Hooghly in 1686, the English retaliated by capturing the imperial forts at which location?

Q.30) The Wahabi Movement in India was inspired by the teachings of Shah Waliullah of Delhi and which other Islamic scholar from Saudi Arabia?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 26

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