Modern History Set 13 | MROY Class

Modern History Questions & Answers (Set 13)

The Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–74) resulted in the Dutch capturing three English ships in which region? – Bay of Bengal
Which treaty signed in 1760 between Mir Kasim and the English Company required Mir Kasim to pay five lakh rupees? – Treaty of 1760
During the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1790, which English General was initially defeated by Tipu Sultan? – General Meadows
The Treaty of Surat (1775) involved Raghunathrao ceding which territories to the English? – Salsette and Bassein
Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, which Maratha leader signed the Treaty of Deogaon on December 17, 1803? – Bhonsle
During the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–19), the Treaty of Gwalior was signed in November 1817 with which Maratha power? – Scindia
In 1818, the Treaty of Mandasor was concluded to formally end hostilities with which Maratha leader? – Jaswantrao Holkar
After the death of Mir Fath Ali Khan in 1800, the rulers of Sindh divided the kingdom among themselves and called themselves the Amirs. What were the brothers collectively known as? – Char Yar
The Anglo-Nepalese War (1813–23) started due to the Gorkhas’ capture of which two regions? – Butwal and Sheoraj
According to the Treaty of Yandabo (1826), the Burmese government was forced to abandon claims on which territories? – Assam, Cachar, and Jaintia
The Treaty of Lhasa (1904) originally dictated an indemnity of 75 lakh rupees, later reduced to what amount? – 25 lakh rupees
The Tripartite Treaty of 1838 stipulated that Shah Shuja would recognize Ranjit Singh’s claims over territories on the right bank of which river? – Indus
Following the Second Anglo-Afghan War, which treaty provided that the Amir would conduct foreign policy with the advice of the Government of India? – Treaty of Gandamak
In 1891–92, the British occupation of Hunza and Nagar alarmed which Amir of Afghanistan? – Abdur Rahman
The Fakir Rebellion is another name sometimes used to refer to which major uprising in Eastern India? – Sanyasi Revolt
In 1792, the King of Darrang revolted against the Ahoms with the assistance of demobilized soldiers called? – Burkandazes
The 1781 civil uprisings in Gorakhpur were a reaction to the oppressive revenue farming by which English officer? – Alexander Hannay
Ananda Gajapatiraju signed a treaty with the English in 1758 to oust the French from which region? – Northern Circars
Which local Maratha leader led a revolt in Bednur in 1799–1800? – Dhundia Wagh
The Pathans in Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja’s army were primarily demobilized soldiers of which former ruler? – Tipu Sultan
Following the Massacre of Benares in 1799, Wazir Ali Khan was eventually placed in confinement at which location? – Fort William
In the Parlakimedi Outbreak (1813–34), which English commissioner was dispatched in 1832 with full discretionary powers? – George Russell
Which Chero chief rose in rebellion in the Palamau region in 1800? – Bhukhan Singh
Veerapandiya Kattabomman was captured after being betrayed by the Raja of which state? – Pudukottai
The Kundara Proclamation of 1808 was issued by which leader? – Velu Thampi
Which military adventurer in Bundelkhand eluded British vigilance for four years (1808–12)? – Gopal Singh
During the Kutch Rebellion (1816–32), the British deposed which ruler in 1819? – Raja Bharmal II
In 1816, a bloody scuffle in Bareilly involved which venerated old man? – Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz
The Paikas of Odisha, who rebelled in 1817, were traditionally what kind of group? – Landed militia (foot soldiers)
The Ahom Revolt of 1828 was led by which Ahom prince? – Gomdhar Konwar

MROY Class

Modern History Set 13

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📌 Modern History • Wars & Treaties

Q.1) The Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–74) severely affected communications between Surat and the new English settlement of Bombay. This war resulted in the Dutch capturing three English ships in which region?

Ans > Bay of Bengal

Context of the Conflict: The Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–1674) was a massive European conflict that naturally spilled over into the colonial theaters, including the Indian subcontinent. It heavily disrupted early colonial maritime trade routes.
Disruption of Communications: During this volatile period, the war severely affected the crucial administrative and commercial communications between the long-established English factory at Surat and their newly acquired, developing settlement on the island of Bombay.
Naval Engagements in the East: Utilizing their significant naval superiority in the Indian Ocean at the time, the Dutch East India Company aggressively targeted English shipping. This culminated in the Dutch fleet successfully intercepting and capturing three heavily laden English merchant ships specifically in the Bay of Bengal region.

📌 Modern History • Bengal

Q.2) Which treaty signed in 1760 between Mir Kasim and the English Company required Mir Kasim to pay five lakh rupees to finance the Company’s war efforts in South India?

Ans > Treaty of 1760

Political Maneuvering in Bengal: The Treaty of 1760 was a strategic agreement engineered by the British East India Company to depose the ineffective Nawab Mir Jafar and install his highly ambitious son-in-law, Mir Kasim, on the throne of Bengal.
Territorial and Financial Gains: In exchange for the Nawabship, Mir Kasim agreed to formally cede the highly lucrative, revenue-yielding districts of Burdwan, Midnapore, and Chittagong to the Company, significantly expanding British territorial control.
Funding Southern Campaigns: Crucially, the treaty included a massive financial mandate. Mir Kasim was explicitly required to pay a staggering sum of five lakh rupees. This money was desperately needed by the British to finance their ongoing, costly military efforts against the French in South India.

📌 Modern History • Mysore

Q.3) During the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1790, which English General was initially defeated by Tipu Sultan before Lord Cornwallis took over leadership?

Ans > General Meadows

Outbreak of the War: The Third Anglo-Mysore War erupted in 1790 when Tipu Sultan aggressively attacked the Kingdom of Travancore, a staunch ally of the British East India Company, prompting the British to mobilize their forces.
Initial British Failures: The early phase of the British military campaign was placed under the command of General William Meadows. He attempted to invade the Coimbatore region but was consistently outmaneuvered by Tipu Sultan’s highly mobile and tactically superior cavalry forces.
Change of Leadership: General Meadows suffered a series of humiliating tactical defeats and failed to secure British supply lines. Alarmed by this incompetence, Governor-General Lord Cornwallis took the unprecedented step of personally assuming command of the army in 1791 to salvage the war effort.

📌 Modern History • Marathas

Q.4) The Treaty of Surat (1775), which sparked the First Anglo-Maratha War, involved Raghunathrao ceding which territories to the English?

Ans > Salsette and Bassein

The Succession Crisis: The Treaty of Surat was signed in March 1775 amidst a violent succession dispute in Pune. Raghunathrao (Raghoba), seeking the title of Peshwa, was ousted by the Barbhai Council and desperately appealed to the British in Bombay for military assistance.
The Price of Alliance: In exchange for providing a force of 2,500 British soldiers to help reinstate him in Pune, Raghunathrao agreed to severely compromise Maratha territorial integrity, directly sparking the First Anglo-Maratha War.
Cession of Strategic Territories: Under the treaty’s strict terms, Raghunathrao permanently ceded the highly prized, strategically vital maritime territories of Salsette and Bassein to the English, along with the revenue rights from the prosperous districts of Surat and Bharuch.

📌 Modern History • Marathas

Q.5) Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, which Maratha leader signed the Treaty of Deogaon on December 17, 1803?

Ans > Bhonsle

Defeat at Argaon: The Treaty of Deogaon was the direct result of the British military successes during the Second Anglo-Maratha War, specifically following Major General Arthur Wellesley’s decisive victory over the Bhonsle forces at the Battle of Argaon in late 1803.
Major Territorial Losses: Signed on December 17, 1803, the treaty imposed crippling conditions on Raghuji Bhonsle II. He was forced to permanently cede the entire province of Cuttack, including the crucial coastal region of Balasore, to the British East India Company.
Strategic British Consolidation: This specific territorial cession was a massive geopolitical victory for the British. By acquiring Cuttack, they successfully connected the territories of their Bengal Presidency directly with the Madras Presidency, creating an unbroken stretch of British-controlled coastline.

📌 Modern History • Marathas

Q.6) During the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–19), the Treaty of Gwalior was signed in November 1817 with which Maratha power?

Ans > Scindia

Prelude to the Pindari War: As Governor-General Lord Hastings prepared for a massive military extermination campaign against the marauding Pindaris in 1817, he sought to politically neutralize the major Maratha chiefs to prevent them from uniting against the British.
Coercive Diplomacy: Utilizing the threat of immediate, overwhelming military invasion, the British forced Daulatrao Scindia, the powerful ruler of Gwalior, to sign the deeply humiliating Treaty of Gwalior in November 1817, completely stripping him of his diplomatic independence.
Terms of Subjugation: The treaty strictly prohibited Scindia from leaving his capital or mobilizing his armies without explicit British permission. It also compelled him to actively assist the British forces against the Pindaris and temporarily hand over control of his strategic fortresses.

📌 Modern History • Marathas

Q.7) In 1818, the Treaty of Mandasor was concluded to formally end hostilities with which Maratha leader?

Ans > Jaswantrao Holkar

The Battle of Mahidpur: The Treaty of Mandasor was signed on January 6, 1818, following the utter destruction of the Holkar state’s military power by British forces at the decisive Battle of Mahidpur during the Third Anglo-Maratha War.
End of Independence: This treaty officially marked the definitive end of the Holkar dynasty as an independent sovereign power. The young ruler, Malhar Rao Holkar II, was forced to accept complete British paramountcy and surrender control over all foreign relations.
Massive Concessions: Under the severe terms, the Holkars ceded all their territories situated south of the Narmada River. Furthermore, they renounced all rights to collect traditional tribute from Rajputana, recognized Amir Khan as an independent ruler in Tonk, and accepted a British Resident in Indore.

📌 Modern History • Sindh

Q.8) After the death of Mir Fath Ali Khan in 1800, the rulers of Sindh divided the kingdom among themselves and called themselves the “Amirs” or “Lords of Sindh”. What were the brothers collectively known as?

Ans > Char Yar

The Rise of the Talpurs: The Talpur dynasty seized control of Sindh in the late 18th century, ousting the Kalhoras. The dynasty was firmly established by Mir Fath Ali Khan, who initially ruled the region as the undisputed supreme leader until his death in 1800.
A Unique Fraternal Government: Following his demise, a remarkable political arrangement was formed to prevent civil war. His surviving brothers—Mir Ghulam Ali, Mir Karam Ali, and Mir Murad Ali—decided to divide the kingdom’s governance rather than fight for a single throne.
The “Char Yar” Administration: Because of their extraordinary unity, shared administrative responsibilities, and fraternal harmony, these four founding brothers (including the deceased Fath Ali in their legacy) became collectively and affectionately known throughout the region as the “Char Yar,” meaning the “Four Friends.”

📌 Modern History • Nepal

Q.9) The Anglo-Nepalese War (1813–23) started due to the Gorkhas’ capture of which two regions during the period of Lord Hastings?

Ans > Butwal and Sheoraj

Expanding Frontiers: The early 19th century witnessed the aggressive territorial expansion of the newly unified Gorkha Kingdom of Nepal, which inevitably began to collide with the steadily advancing northern frontiers of the British East India Company.
The Flashpoint in Awadh: The immediate catalyst for the Anglo-Nepalese War (1814–1816) occurred when Gorkha forces pushed southward into the Terai region and forcibly occupied the disputed border districts of Butwal and Sheoraj.
British Declaration of War: The British, having recently established a strict protectorate over the Nawab of Awadh, claimed these occupied districts belonged to their ally. When the Nepalese government flatly refused British demands to evacuate the territories and subsequently attacked a border police post, Lord Hastings formally declared war.

📌 Modern History • Burma

Q.10) According to the Treaty of Yandabo (1826) ending the First Anglo-Burmese War, the Burmese government was forced to abandon claims on which territories?

Ans > Assam, Cachar, and Jaintia

Conclusion of a Costly War: The Treaty of Yandabo, signed in February 1826, marked the definitive conclusion of the First Anglo-Burmese War. The conflict was the longest and most expensive war in British Indian history up to that point.
Redrawing the Northeast Map: To secure peace as British troops approached their capital, the Burmese Empire was forced to accept crippling territorial losses. Crucially, they had to permanently abandon all historical and political claims of suzerainty over the northeastern regions.
Key Territorial Cessions: The Burmese formally renounced all interference in the affairs of Assam, the Kingdom of Cachar, and the Jaintia Hills. Additionally, they were compelled to cede the coastal provinces of Arakan and Tenasserim and pay a massive war indemnity of one million pounds.

📌 Modern History • Tibet

Q.11) The Treaty of Lhasa (1904) originally dictated that Tibet would pay an indemnity of 75 lakh rupees. This was later reduced to what amount on the insistence of the Secretary of State?

Ans > 25 lakh rupees

The Curzon Expedition: Driven by intense, unfounded paranoia regarding potential Russian imperial influence in the secluded Himalayan region, Viceroy Lord Curzon authorized a controversial and bloody British military expedition into Tibet in 1904, led by Colonel Francis Younghusband.
Draconian Original Terms: After capturing the capital, Younghusband dictated the Treaty of Lhasa. To ensure total Tibetan subjugation, he initially imposed an impossible war indemnity of 75 lakh rupees, to be paid over 75 years, during which British troops would occupy the Chumbi Valley.
Intervention by London: This severe imperial overreach sparked massive political outrage in London. St John Brodrick, the Secretary of State for India, intervened heavily and forced a revision, drastically reducing the crippling indemnity to 25 lakh rupees to prevent severe international diplomatic fallout.

📌 Modern History • Afghanistan

Q.12) The Tripartite Treaty of 1838 stipulated that Shah Shuja would recognize Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s claims over the Afghan territories on the right bank of which river?

Ans > Indus

The Great Game Diplomacy: The Tripartite Treaty of 1838 was a highly aggressive political maneuver by Governor-General Lord Auckland. Driven by fears of Russian expansion, he sought to install a pro-British puppet regime in Afghanistan.
A Controversial Alliance: The treaty forged a military pact between the British East India Company, the powerful Sikh ruler Maharaja Ranjit Singh, and Shah Shuja, an unpopular, exiled former Amir of Afghanistan who was living as a British pensioner.
Territorial Sacrifices: To secure Ranjit Singh’s crucial military participation in the upcoming invasion, Shah Shuja was forced to make massive concessions. He formally recognized Ranjit Singh’s sovereignty over the Afghan territories situated on the right bank of the Indus River, including the strategically vital region of Peshawar.

📌 Modern History • Afghanistan

Q.13) Following the Second Anglo-Afghan War, which treaty provided that the Amir would conduct his foreign policy with the advice of the Government of India?

Ans > Treaty of Gandamak

End of the First Phase: The Treaty of Gandamak was signed on May 26, 1879, effectively concluding the initial, highly successful phase of the Second Anglo-Afghan War. The British had successfully invaded and forced the newly crowned Amir, Yakub Khan, to capitulate.
Loss of Afghan Sovereignty: The treaty’s most devastating clause struck directly at the heart of the nation’s independence. It explicitly mandated that the Amir of Afghanistan must conduct his entire foreign policy solely with the advice and approval of the Government of India.
Becoming a Protectorate: By surrendering control over its external relations, Afghanistan was effectively transformed into a British protectorate. The treaty also required the Amir to accept a permanent British envoy in Kabul and cede strategic border passes to colonial control.

📌 Modern History • Frontiers

Q.14) In 1891–92, the British occupation of Hunza and Nagar in the Gilgit Valley alarmed which Amir of Afghanistan, eventually leading to the Durand Agreement?

Ans > Abdur Rahman

The Forward Policy in Action: In the late 19th century, the British aggressively pursued the “Forward Policy” to secure their imperial frontiers against the Russian Empire. In 1891–92, this led to the direct British military occupation of Hunza and Nagar in the strategic Gilgit Valley.
Afghan Suspicions Aroused: This aggressive northward push by colonial forces deeply alarmed Abdur Rahman, the powerful Amir of Afghanistan. He viewed the British military maneuvers near his borders as a direct threat to his nation’s territorial integrity and feared an eventual invasion.
The Durand Line Solution: To placate the Amir and clearly define geopolitical spheres of influence, the British dispatched Sir Mortimer Durand. The resulting negotiations led to the 1893 Durand Agreement, which formally demarcated the boundary (the Durand Line) separating British India from Afghanistan.

📌 Modern History • Rebellions

Q.15) The Fakir Rebellion is another name sometimes used to refer to which major uprising in Eastern India (1763–1800)?

Ans > Sanyasi Revolt

Origins of the Uprising: The Sanyasi and Fakir Rebellion was a protracted period of fierce anti-colonial resistance in eastern India (1763–1800). It was sparked by the devastating Bengal Famine of 1770 and the brutally exploitative revenue policies introduced by the East India Company.
The Rebel Demographics: The uprising was uniquely spearheaded by wandering bands of martial Hindu ascetics (Sanyasis) and Muslim mendicants (Fakirs). They were soon joined by displaced, starving peasants, ruined artisans, and thousands of demobilized soldiers from the former Nawab’s disbanded army.
Nature of the Conflict: The British categorized these traditional religious pilgrims as “vagabonds” and restricted their movements. In retaliation, the Sanyasis and Fakirs launched highly effective guerrilla warfare, consistently raiding Company treasuries, plundering factories, and engaging British battalions in pitched battles across the Bengal countryside.

📌 Modern History • Assam

Q.16) In 1792, the King of Darrang (Krishnanarayan) revolted against the Ahoms with the assistance of demobilized soldiers of Muslim armies and zamindars. What were these soldiers called?

Ans > Burkandazes

Chaos in the Ahom Kingdom: By the late 18th century, the once-mighty Ahom Kingdom in Assam was paralyzed by internal civil wars and the devastating Moamoria rebellion, leaving the central administration weak and highly vulnerable to regional challengers.
The Rebellion of Krishnanarayan: Taking advantage of this massive power vacuum, Krishnanarayan, the rebellious King of Darrang, launched a military campaign in 1792 to completely overthrow the central Ahom authority and establish his own supremacy.
Employment of Mercenaries: To bolster his forces, Krishnanarayan heavily recruited “Burkandazes.” These were heavily armed, ruthless bands of mercenaries and demobilized matchlock men primarily sourced from Muslim armies and zamindaris in neighboring Bengal. Their terrifying, violent raids eventually forced the Ahom King to seek British military intervention.

📌 Modern History • Uprisings

Q.17) The 1781 civil uprisings in Gorakhpur, Basti, and Bahraich were an immediate reaction to the oppressive revenue farming (izara) by which English officer?

Ans > Alexander Hannay

The Revenue Farming System: In order to meet the exorbitant financial demands of the British East India Company, the Nawab of Awadh was forced to outsource tax collection through the highly exploitative ‘izara’ or revenue farming system.
The Tyranny of Alexander Hannay: The collection rights for the Gorakhpur region were granted to Major Alexander Hannay, a ruthless English officer. He utilized extreme military coercion, arbitrary terror, and brutal suppression to extract maximum revenue, completely ruining the local agrarian economy.
The Eruption of Revolt: Hannay’s unbearable oppression alienated both the peasantry and the powerful local landlords. In 1781, inspired by unrest in nearby Benares, the desperate zamindars and starving peasants of Gorakhpur, Basti, and Bahraich united in a massive armed insurrection, temporarily overthrowing British administrative control.

📌 Modern History • Alliances

Q.18) Ananda Gajapatiraju, the ruler of Vizianagaram, signed a treaty with the English in 1758 to jointly oust the French from which region?

Ans > Northern Circars

European Rivalry in the South: During the tumultuous Third Carnatic War, the political landscape of South India was characterized by shifting alliances as local rulers navigated the intense imperial rivalry between the British and the French forces.
The Vizianagaram Rebellion: The French, under Marquis de Bussy, held strong control over the lucrative Northern Circars. However, Ananda Gajapatiraju, the powerful Raja of Vizianagaram, deeply resented their heavy-handed administration and successfully revolted, capturing Vizagapatam in 1758.
A Strategic Anglo-Indian Alliance: Recognizing the need for strong military backing to permanently expel the French, Gajapatiraju pragmatically signed a formal treaty with the British. This led to a highly successful joint military expedition commanded by Colonel Forde, permanently ending French dominance in the Northern Circars.

📌 Modern History • Rebellions

Q.19) Which local Maratha leader, who had been converted to Islam by Tipu Sultan, led a revolt in Bednur in 1799–1800?

Ans > Dhundia Wagh

The Power Vacuum in Mysore: Following the death of Tipu Sultan and the British capture of Srirangapatna in 1799, the region of Mysore fell into political chaos, presenting an opportunity for regional adventurers to challenge the newly established colonial hegemony.
The Rise of Dhundia Wagh: Dhundia Wagh was a dynamic Maratha leader who had previously been captured and forcibly converted to Islam by Tipu Sultan. Released from prison during the fall of Mysore, he quickly capitalized on the widespread anti-British sentiment.
A Formidable Insurgency: He amassed a massive, irregular army of demobilized soldiers, styling himself the “King of the Two Worlds.” He launched a fierce rebellion in the Bednur region, utilizing rapid cavalry tactics that severely disrupted British control until he was finally defeated by Arthur Wellesley in 1800.

📌 Modern History • Kerala

Q.20) Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja organized a large force of Nairs, Mappilas, and Pathans to fight the British. The Pathans in his army were primarily demobilized soldiers of which former ruler?

Ans > Tipu Sultan

The Cotiote War: Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja, the ruler of Kottayam in Malabar, led one of the fiercest and most prolonged anti-colonial resistance movements, known as the Cotiote War (1793–1805), primarily protesting extortionate British land taxes.
A Diverse Guerrilla Force: Facing a technologically superior British army, Pazhassi Raja retreated into the dense jungles of Wayanad. He masterfully organized a highly effective, diverse insurgent force consisting of loyal Nair militiamen, local Mappila peasants, and tribal archers.
Recruiting Tipu’s Veterans: To significantly bolster his military capability, the Raja strategically recruited bands of Pathan mercenaries. These were highly trained, battle-hardened demobilized soldiers from the recently defeated army of Tipu Sultan, who harbored deep resentment toward the British and provided invaluable combat experience to the insurgency.

📌 Modern History • Benares

Q.21) Following the “Massacre of Benares” in 1799, Wazir Ali Khan was defeated by General Erskine and eventually placed in confinement at which location?

Ans > Fort William

Deposition and Resentment: Wazir Ali Khan briefly served as the Nawab of Awadh before being summarily deposed by the British in 1797. Replaced by a more compliant ruler, he was pensioned off and exiled to Benares, where he began secretly plotting an anti-British rebellion.
The Massacre of Benares: Upon discovering his plots, the British ordered his transfer to Calcutta. Outraged, Wazir Ali visited the British Resident, George Frederick Cherry, in January 1799. During a confrontation, his guards assassinated Cherry and several other Europeans in a bloody event known as the “Massacre of Benares.”
Defeat and Imprisonment: Wazir Ali subsequently raised a massive armed rebellion but was swiftly and decisively defeated by British forces under General Erskine. Following his eventual capture, he was transported to Calcutta and spent the rest of his life in strict confinement at Fort William.

📌 Modern History • Odisha

Q.22) In the Parlakimedi Outbreak (1813–34), which English commissioner was dispatched in 1832 with full discretionary powers to pacify the region?

Ans > George Russell

Decades of Unrest: The Parlakimedi region in modern-day Odisha was a persistent center of anti-colonial resistance from 1813 to 1834. The traditional landowning aristocracy (zamindars) fiercely rebelled against the British East India Company’s heavy taxation and constant interference in local successions.
Failure of Normal Administration: For years, the local chiefs waged a relentless and highly effective guerrilla war from the dense hills. They routinely ambushed British troops, effectively rendering standard colonial civil administration and police actions completely futile.
The Pacification Campaign: In 1832, the Madras government appointed George Russell as a Special Commissioner with absolute discretionary and martial powers. Russell utilized overwhelming military force, systematically burning rebel villages and executing leaders, eventually crushing the insurgency and cementing strict British control over the region.

📌 Modern History • Bihar

Q.23) Which Chero chief rose in rebellion in the Palamau region in 1800, prompting Colonel Jones to camp there for two years to suppress the uprising?

Ans > Bhukhan Singh

Impact of the Permanent Settlement: The Chero Rebellion of 1800 was a massive tribal uprising in the Palamau region, triggered directly by the devastating economic consequences of the British East India Company’s newly imposed Permanent Settlement revenue system.
Tribal Dispossession: This harsh system introduced rigid cash tax payments and led to the auctioning off of ancestral tribal lands to wealthy, outsider absentee landlords. Driven to absolute desperation by the loss of their traditional rights, the Chero tribe rose in armed revolt.
A Multi-Year Conflict: Under the dynamic leadership of Chief Bhukhan Singh, the tribes launched violent, coordinated attacks against British officials and the new landlords. The rebellion was so fierce that it required a massive military expedition under Colonel Jones, who camped there for two years to finally suppress it.

📌 Modern History • Tamil Nadu

Q.24) Veerapandiya Kattabomman, the poligar of Panjalankurichi who fiercely resisted the British, was captured after being betrayed by the Raja of which state?

Ans > Pudukottai

The Polygar Resistance: Veerapandiya Kattabomman was a legendary Poligar (chieftain) of Panjalankurichi in Tamil Nadu, famed for his uncompromising and heroic resistance against the British East India Company’s attempts to impose suzerainty and extortionate agricultural taxes during the First Polygar War.
Evasion and Guerrilla Warfare: Refusing to submit, Kattabomman launched a fierce armed rebellion. He successfully evaded British capture for an extended period, utilizing his intimate knowledge of the local terrain to inflict significant casualties on the colonial troops pursuing him.
A Tragic Betrayal: Following a major military defeat, Kattabomman was forced to seek refuge in the jungles. Tragically, he was tracked down and treacherously betrayed by the Raja of Pudukottai, who handed him over to the British. Kattabomman was subsequently subjected to a mock trial and hanged.

📌 Modern History • Kerala

Q.25) The Kundara Proclamation of 1808, which openly called for taking up arms against the British, was issued by which leader?

Ans > Velu Thampi

British Interference in Travancore: The princely state of Travancore faced increasing, dictatorial interference from the British Resident, Colonel Macaulay, who aggressively meddled in internal administration and demanded crippling financial tributes, pushing the state to the brink of collapse.
The Call to Arms: Driven to desperation, Velu Thampi Dalawa, the highly capable Prime Minister of Travancore, decided on open armed rebellion. In January 1809, he issued the famous Kundara Proclamation, a fiery and passionate manifesto delivered to a massive public gathering.
A War of Independence: The proclamation warned the populace of the catastrophic cultural, religious, and economic destruction that absolute British rule would bring. It successfully rallied thousands of citizens and Nair warriors to take up arms, igniting a massive, though ultimately unsuccessful, popular revolt against colonial hegemony.

📌 Modern History • Bundelkhand

Q.26) Which military adventurer in Bundelkhand eluded British vigilance for four years (1808–12) due to a dispute with his uncle who was supported by the British?

Ans > Gopal Singh

The Pacification of Bundelkhand: Following the Treaty of Bassein, the British aggressively attempted to establish political paramountcy over the rugged region of Bundelkhand. However, they faced immense resistance from fiercely independent local Rajput chieftains who deeply resented colonial intervention.
A Dispute Over Succession: Gopal Singh, a local military adventurer, launched a massive rebellion rooted in a bitter familial dispute over the Kalinjar estate. Enraged that the British had militarily intervened to support his uncle’s claim over his own, he took to the ravines.
Masters of Evasion: For four relentless years (1808–1812), Gopal Singh masterfully utilized irregular guerrilla warfare. He constantly ambushed British supply lines and completely eluded large colonial detachments, eventually forcing the frustrated British to offer him a generous land grant to secure his surrender.

📌 Modern History • Gujarat

Q.27) During the Kutch Rebellion (1816–32), the British deposed which ruler in 1819 in favor of his infant son?

Ans > Raja Bharmal II

Intervention in Kutch: The Kutch Rebellion (1816–1832) was a period of intense political instability sparked when the British East India Company militarily intervened in the state’s internal affairs, forcing a treaty that established strict British paramountcy over the region.
The Deposition of a King: The reigning monarch, Raja Bharmal II, vehemently opposed this loss of sovereignty and secretly raised troops to overthrow the British yoke. Recognizing him as an active threat, the British dispatched a massive military force to besiege his capital in 1819.
Establishing a Puppet Regime: After decisively defeating his forces, the British formally deposed Raja Bharmal II. To maintain absolute control while projecting a facade of legitimacy, they installed his infant son on the throne, governing the state entirely through a British-dominated Regency Council.

📌 Modern History • UP

Q.28) In 1816, a bloody scuffle in Bareilly over a police tax became a religious issue following an injury to a woman and the involvement of which venerated old man?

Ans > Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz

Imposition of the Police Tax: The Bareilly Uprising of 1816 was a violent civilian revolt triggered by early British administrative reforms. The primary catalyst was the imposition of a highly unpopular municipal tax intended to fund a new, British-controlled local police force.
Escalation to Violence: The citizens viewed this direct taxation as a severe economic burden and an infringement on their rights. Tensions exploded when a colonial police officer severely injured a local woman during tax collection, instantly transforming the economic protest into mass outrage.
A Religious Crusade: The situation rapidly evolved into a fierce religious and political crusade when a venerated Islamic scholar, Mufti Muhammad Aiwaz, took up the cause. He delivered fiery sermons, raised the flag of revolt, and mobilized thousands of armed citizens in a bloody confrontation with the British.

📌 Modern History • Odisha

Q.29) The Paikas of Odisha, who rebelled in 1817, were traditionally what kind of group?

Ans > Landed militia (foot soldiers)

The Traditional Militia of Odisha: The Paikas were a distinct and highly respected martial class in Odisha. For centuries, they served as the traditional, hereditary foot soldiers (landed militia) for the Gajapati rulers of Khurda, holding rent-free lands in exchange for their military service.
Impact of British Conquest: Following the British annexation of Odisha in 1803, the colonial administration implemented disastrous policies. They systematically dismantled local power structures and brutally stripped the Paikas of their ancestral, rent-free land tenures, imposing extortionate new taxes payable in silver.
The Outbreak of Rebellion: Reduced to extreme poverty, the proud martial community launched the Paika Rebellion in 1817 under the leadership of Bakshi Jagabandhu. They executed massive, coordinated attacks on British police stations and administrative offices, successfully driving colonial forces out of Khurda for several months.

📌 Modern History • Assam

Q.30) The Ahom Revolt of 1828 was led by which Ahom prince, who was formally made king by rebels assembling near Jorhat?

Ans > Gomdhar Konwar

Broken Promises in Assam: During the First Anglo-Burmese War, the British sought the assistance of the Ahom nobility, explicitly promising to restore the traditional Ahom government once the brutal Burmese invaders were completely expelled from the northeastern frontier.
The Betrayal and Annexation: Following their decisive victory, the British East India Company blatantly reneged on this pledge. Instead of restoring independence, they fully annexed the rich territory of Assam and began forcibly imposing their own colonial administrative and revenue systems on the populace.
The Royal Uprising: Deeply betrayed, the Ahom aristocrats organized a major armed uprising in 1828. They rallied around Gomdhar Konwar, a prince of the royal bloodline, crowning him King near Jorhat. Although swiftly suppressed by superior military forces, it marked the beginning of long-term Assamese resistance.

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 13

Treaties & Alliances: From the Treaty of 1760 (Mir Kasim) to the Treaty of Yandabo (Burma) and Lhasa (Tibet).
Anglo-Maratha Wars: Treaties of Surat, Deogaon, Gwalior, and Mandasor reshaped British-Maratha dynamics.
Key Uprisings: Sanyasi Revolt, Kutch Rebellion, and the Paika Rebellion of 1817.
Regional Conflicts: Anglo-Nepalese War (Gorkhas), Third Anglo-Mysore War (Tipu Sultan), and First Anglo-Burmese War.
Prominent Leaders: Velu Thampi (Kundara Proclamation), Veerapandiya Kattabomman, and Gomdhar Konwar (Ahom Revolt).

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Modern History Set 13

Q.1) The Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–74) severely affected communications between Surat and the new English settlement of Bombay. This war resulted in the Dutch capturing three English ships in which region?

Q.2) Which treaty signed in 1760 between Mir Kasim and the English Company required Mir Kasim to pay five lakh rupees to finance the Company’s war efforts in South India?

Q.3) During the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1790, which English General was initially defeated by Tipu Sultan before Lord Cornwallis took over leadership?

Q.4) The Treaty of Surat (1775), which sparked the First Anglo-Maratha War, involved Raghunathrao ceding which territories to the English?

Q.5) Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, which Maratha leader signed the Treaty of Deogaon on December 17, 1803?

Q.6) During the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–19), the Treaty of Gwalior was signed in November 1817 with which Maratha power?

Q.7) In 1818, the Treaty of Mandasor was concluded to formally end hostilities with which Maratha leader?

Q.8) After the death of Mir Fath Ali Khan in 1800, the rulers of Sindh divided the kingdom among themselves and called themselves the “Amirs” or “Lords of Sindh”. What were the brothers collectively known as?

Q.9) The Anglo-Nepalese War (1813–23) started due to the Gorkhas’ capture of which two regions during the period of Lord Hastings?

Q.10) According to the Treaty of Yandabo (1826) ending the First Anglo-Burmese War, the Burmese government was forced to abandon claims on which territories?

Q.11) The Treaty of Lhasa (1904) originally dictated that Tibet would pay an indemnity of 75 lakh rupees. This was later reduced to what amount on the insistence of the Secretary of State?

Q.12) The Tripartite Treaty of 1838 stipulated that Shah Shuja would recognize Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s claims over the Afghan territories on the right bank of which river?

Q.13) Following the Second Anglo-Afghan War, which treaty provided that the Amir would conduct his foreign policy with the advice of the Government of India?

Q.14) In 1891–92, the British occupation of Hunza and Nagar in the Gilgit Valley alarmed which Amir of Afghanistan, eventually leading to the Durand Agreement?

Q.15) The Fakir Rebellion is another name sometimes used to refer to which major uprising in Eastern India (1763–1800)?

Q.16) In 1792, the King of Darrang (Krishnanarayan) revolted against the Ahoms with the assistance of demobilized soldiers of Muslim armies and zamindars. What were these soldiers called?

Q.17) The 1781 civil uprisings in Gorakhpur, Basti, and Bahraich were an immediate reaction to the oppressive revenue farming (izara) by which English officer?

Q.18) Ananda Gajapatiraju, the ruler of Vizianagaram, signed a treaty with the English in 1758 to jointly oust the French from which region?

Q.19) Which local Maratha leader, who had been converted to Islam by Tipu Sultan, led a revolt in Bednur in 1799–1800?

Q.20) Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja organized a large force of Nairs, Mappilas, and Pathans to fight the British. The Pathans in his army were primarily demobilized soldiers of which former ruler?

Q.21) Following the “Massacre of Benares” in 1799, Wazir Ali Khan was defeated by General Erskine and eventually placed in confinement at which location?

Q.22) In the Parlakimedi Outbreak (1813–34), which English commissioner was dispatched in 1832 with full discretionary powers to pacify the region?

Q.23) Which Chero chief rose in rebellion in the Palamau region in 1800, prompting Colonel Jones to camp there for two years to suppress the uprising?

Q.24) Veerapandiya Kattabomman, the poligar of Panjalankurichi who fiercely resisted the British, was captured after being betrayed by the Raja of which state?

Q.25) The Kundara Proclamation of 1808, which openly called for taking up arms against the British, was issued by which leader?

Q.26) Which military adventurer in Bundelkhand eluded British vigilance for four years (1808–12) due to a dispute with his uncle who was supported by the British?

Q.27) During the Kutch Rebellion (1816–32), the British deposed which ruler in 1819 in favor of his infant son?

Q.28) In 1816, a bloody scuffle in Bareilly over a police tax became a religious issue following an injury to a woman and the involvement of which venerated old man?

Q.29) The Paikas of Odisha, who rebelled in 1817, were traditionally what kind of group?

Q.30) The Ahom Revolt of 1828 was led by which Ahom prince, who was formally made king by rebels assembling near Jorhat?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 13

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Q.1) The Third Anglo-Dutch War (1672–74) severely affected communications between Surat and the new English settlement of Bombay. This war resulted in the Dutch capturing three English ships in which region?

Q.2) Which treaty signed in 1760 between Mir Kasim and the English Company required Mir Kasim to pay five lakh rupees to finance the Company’s war efforts in South India?

Q.3) During the Third Anglo-Mysore War in 1790, which English General was initially defeated by Tipu Sultan before Lord Cornwallis took over leadership?

Q.4) The Treaty of Surat (1775), which sparked the First Anglo-Maratha War, involved Raghunathrao ceding which territories to the English?

Q.5) Following the Second Anglo-Maratha War, which Maratha leader signed the Treaty of Deogaon on December 17, 1803?

Q.6) During the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817–19), the Treaty of Gwalior was signed in November 1817 with which Maratha power?

Q.7) In 1818, the Treaty of Mandasor was concluded to formally end hostilities with which Maratha leader?

Q.8) After the death of Mir Fath Ali Khan in 1800, the rulers of Sindh divided the kingdom among themselves and called themselves the “Amirs” or “Lords of Sindh”. What were the brothers collectively known as?

Q.9) The Anglo-Nepalese War (1813–23) started due to the Gorkhas’ capture of which two regions during the period of Lord Hastings?

Q.10) According to the Treaty of Yandabo (1826) ending the First Anglo-Burmese War, the Burmese government was forced to abandon claims on which territories?

Q.11) The Treaty of Lhasa (1904) originally dictated that Tibet would pay an indemnity of 75 lakh rupees. This was later reduced to what amount on the insistence of the Secretary of State?

Q.12) The Tripartite Treaty of 1838 stipulated that Shah Shuja would recognize Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s claims over the Afghan territories on the right bank of which river?

Q.13) Following the Second Anglo-Afghan War, which treaty provided that the Amir would conduct his foreign policy with the advice of the Government of India?

Q.14) In 1891–92, the British occupation of Hunza and Nagar in the Gilgit Valley alarmed which Amir of Afghanistan, eventually leading to the Durand Agreement?

Q.15) The Fakir Rebellion is another name sometimes used to refer to which major uprising in Eastern India (1763–1800)?

Q.16) In 1792, the King of Darrang (Krishnanarayan) revolted against the Ahoms with the assistance of demobilized soldiers of Muslim armies and zamindars. What were these soldiers called?

Q.17) The 1781 civil uprisings in Gorakhpur, Basti, and Bahraich were an immediate reaction to the oppressive revenue farming (izara) by which English officer?

Q.18) Ananda Gajapatiraju, the ruler of Vizianagaram, signed a treaty with the English in 1758 to jointly oust the French from which region?

Q.19) Which local Maratha leader, who had been converted to Islam by Tipu Sultan, led a revolt in Bednur in 1799–1800?

Q.20) Kerala Varma Pazhassi Raja organized a large force of Nairs, Mappilas, and Pathans to fight the British. The Pathans in his army were primarily demobilized soldiers of which former ruler?

Q.21) Following the “Massacre of Benares” in 1799, Wazir Ali Khan was defeated by General Erskine and eventually placed in confinement at which location?

Q.22) In the Parlakimedi Outbreak (1813–34), which English commissioner was dispatched in 1832 with full discretionary powers to pacify the region?

Q.23) Which Chero chief rose in rebellion in the Palamau region in 1800, prompting Colonel Jones to camp there for two years to suppress the uprising?

Q.24) Veerapandiya Kattabomman, the poligar of Panjalankurichi who fiercely resisted the British, was captured after being betrayed by the Raja of which state?

Q.25) The Kundara Proclamation of 1808, which openly called for taking up arms against the British, was issued by which leader?

Q.26) Which military adventurer in Bundelkhand eluded British vigilance for four years (1808–12) due to a dispute with his uncle who was supported by the British?

Q.27) During the Kutch Rebellion (1816–32), the British deposed which ruler in 1819 in favor of his infant son?

Q.28) In 1816, a bloody scuffle in Bareilly over a police tax became a religious issue following an injury to a woman and the involvement of which venerated old man?

Q.29) The Paikas of Odisha, who rebelled in 1817, were traditionally what kind of group?

Q.30) The Ahom Revolt of 1828 was led by which Ahom prince, who was formally made king by rebels assembling near Jorhat?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 13

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

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