Modern History Set 81 | MROY Class

Modern History Set 81 Questions & Answers

The Brahmo Samaj, aiming to purge Hinduism of idol worship and caste abuses, was founded in 1828 by Raja Rammohan Roy. Following his death, who revitalized the movement by establishing the Tattvabodhini Sabha in 1839? – Debendranath Tagore
In 1866, the Brahmo Samaj split into two factions. The ‘Brahmo Samaj of India’ was led by Keshub Chandra Sen, while the original conservative faction (Adi Brahmo Samaj) was led by whom? – Debendranath Tagore
The Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 with the motto “Go back to the Vedas.” Who was its founder? – Swami Dayanand Saraswati
The Ramakrishna Mission was established in 1897 to propagate the Vedanta philosophy and undertake extensive social service. It was founded by whom? – Swami Vivekananda
Which prominent social reformer from Maharashtra established the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873 to challenge Brahmanical supremacy and secure rights for the lower castes? – Jyotiba Phule
The Aligarh Movement sought to introduce modern Western education to the Muslim community while retaining Islamic identity. Who was its principal leader? – Syed Ahmed Khan
The Deoband Movement (1866) was established in Uttar Pradesh as an orthodox Islamic revivalist movement. Who were its principal founders? – Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
Which Parsi social reformer was the driving force behind the campaign against child marriage, culminating in the passing of the Age of Consent Act in 1891? – Behramji M. Malabari
The Theosophical Society shifted its international headquarters in 1882 to Adyar, near Madras. Who popularized the movement extensively in India and later became the first woman president of the INC? – Annie Besant
The Self-Respect Movement, which campaigned for weddings without Brahmin priests and the upliftment of Dravidian culture, was launched in 1925 by whom? – E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)
The Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25) in Kerala was a pioneering movement directed against what social practice? – Untouchability and the ban on lower castes using roads around the temple
In 1932, Mahatma Gandhi established the Harijan Sevak Sangh. What was the primary objective of this organization? – To eradicate untouchability and promote the welfare of the depressed classes
In 1854, the British government issued a comprehensive dispatch on education that laid the foundation for the modern educational system in India. What is it commonly called? – Wood’s Despatch
Which educational commission, appointed in 1882, specifically recommended that the government should focus more on the expansion and improvement of primary education? – Hunter Commission
The Indian Universities Act of 1904, which increased government control over higher education and was heavily criticized by nationalists, was based on the recommendations of which commission? – Raleigh Commission
The Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (Nai Talim), which emphasized learning through productive manual labor and handicrafts, was formulated in 1937 under the inspiration of whom? – Mahatma Gandhi
Which Governor-General is famous for lifting the restrictive press ordinances of 1823, earning him the title “Liberator of the Indian Press”? – Charles Metcalfe
To evade the draconian Vernacular Press Act of 1878, which prominent nationalist newspaper converted itself from a Bengali to an English-language daily overnight? – Amrita Bazar Patrika
The Santhal Rebellion (1855–56) was one of the most intense tribal uprisings against local moneylenders and British administrators. It was led by two brothers named what? – Sidhu and Kanhu
The Munda Ulgulan (Great Tumult) of 1899–1900 in the Chotanagpur region aimed at establishing a Munda Raj and driving out the ‘dikus’ (outsiders). Who was its leader? – Birsa Munda
The historic Indigo Revolt (1859-60) in Bengal, protesting the coercive cultivation of indigo, was powerfully supported by which Bengali play authored by Dinabandhu Mitra? – Nil Darpan
The Pabna Agrarian Leagues emerged in the 1870s in Bengal as a peaceful, legalistic peasant movement against the oppressive exactions of whom? – Local Zamindars
The Deccan Riots of 1875 were an agrarian revolt by the peasants of Maharashtra directed primarily against which group? – Marwari and Gujarati moneylenders
The Moplah Rebellion of 1921 occurred in the Malabar region of Kerala. It was primarily an uprising of Muslim tenants against whom? – Hindu landlords (jenmis) and the British administration
In 1928, the peasants of Bardoli in Gujarat launched a highly successful no-tax campaign against a 22% increase in land revenue. Who led this Satyagraha? – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel
The Eka Movement (1921–22), a peasant uprising demanding the conversion of produce rent into cash, took place in which region? – Awadh (Uttar Pradesh)
The All India Kisan Sabha (AIKS) was established in 1936 to coordinate peasant movements across India. Who was its first President? – Swami Sahajanand Saraswati
The Tebhaga Movement of 1946 in Bengal was a militant campaign by sharecroppers demanding a larger share of the harvest. What was their specific demand? – A two-thirds share of the crop for themselves and one-third for the landlord
The Telangana Peasant Armed Struggle (1946-1951) was a massive uprising in the princely state of Hyderabad. It was primarily directed against the oppressive rule of the Nizam and which class of landlords? – Deshmukhs
Which pioneer of the Indian labor movement founded the Madras Labour Union in 1918, widely considered the first modern trade union in India? – B.P. Wadia

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Modern History Set 81

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📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 81

Brahmo Samaj: Founded by Rammohan Roy; revitalized by Debendranath Tagore (Tattvabodhini Sabha) and later split with Keshub Chandra Sen.
Arya Samaj: Founded by Swami Dayanand Saraswati in 1875 (“Go back to the Vedas”).
Ramakrishna Mission: Founded by Swami Vivekananda in 1897 for social and spiritual upliftment.
Anti-Caste Movements: Jyotiba Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj (1873); Periyar led the Self-Respect Movement (1925).
Islamic Reform: Syed Ahmed Khan led the progressive Aligarh Movement; Nanotvi & Gangohi founded the orthodox Deoband Movement.
Social Reformers: Behramji Malabari (Age of Consent Act, 1891), Annie Besant (Theosophical Society).
Anti-Untouchability: Vaikom Satyagraha (1924) fought for temple road access; Gandhi founded Harijan Sevak Sangh (1932).
Education Acts: Wood’s Despatch (1854), Hunter Commission (1882 for primary), Raleigh Commission (1904 Universities Act), Wardha Scheme (1937 basic education).
Press Freedom: Charles Metcalfe lifted 1823 bans; Amrita Bazar Patrika evaded Lytton’s 1878 Vernacular Press Act.
Tribal Revolts: Santhal Rebellion (1855, Sidhu/Kanhu) and Munda Ulgulan (1899, Birsa Munda) fought Dikus (outsiders) and land alienation.
Peasant Uprisings: Indigo Revolt (highlighted in ‘Nil Darpan’), Pabna Leagues (against Zamindars), Deccan Riots (against Moneylenders), Moplah Rebellion (Malabar tenants).
Organized Peasantry: Bardoli Satyagraha (Sardar Patel), Eka Movement (Awadh), All India Kisan Sabha (Swami Sahajanand, 1936).
Late Agrarian Struggles: Tebhaga Movement (demanding 2/3 share) and Telangana Peasant Armed Struggle (against Nizam & Deshmukhs).
Labor Unions: B.P. Wadia established the Madras Labour Union in 1918 (India’s first modern trade union).

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Modern History Set 81

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 81

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📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 81

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