Modern History Set 97 | MROY Class
Modern History Set 97 – Questions & Answers
The first printed newspaper in India was the Bengal Gazette (1780), which fiercely criticized the administration. Who was its publisher? – James Augustus HickyWhich British official is famously remembered as the “Liberator of the Indian Press” for repealing the restrictive press ordinances of 1823? – Charles MetcalfeThe draconian Vernacular Press Act, aimed at gagging the Indian language press, was enacted in 1878 during the viceroyalty of whom? – Lord LyttonIn 1835, which British official presented a famous “Minute on Education” arguing that British educational policy should aim to promote Western learning through the medium of English? – Thomas Babington MacaulayWood’s Despatch (1854), often called the “Magna Carta of English Education in India,” led directly to the establishment of universities in 1857 in which three cities? – Calcutta, Bombay, and MadrasThe Hunter Education Commission of 1882 was appointed primarily to review the progress of education. It specifically recommended state involvement in which tier of education? – Primary and secondary educationWhich commission was appointed in 1917 specifically to investigate the affairs and problems of the Calcutta University, leading to structural recommendations for higher education across India? – Sadler CommissionThe Permanent Settlement of land revenue, introduced in 1793 in Bengal and Bihar, recognized zamindars as the absolute owners of the land. Who introduced this system? – Lord CornwallisThe Ryotwari system, where land revenue was settled directly with the cultivator (ryot), was extensively implemented in the Madras Presidency by whom? – Thomas MunroThe Mahalwari system, which made the village community collectively responsible for revenue payment, was primarily devised in 1822 by which British official? – Holt MackenzieWhich early nationalist leader systematically propounded the “Drain of Wealth” theory to describe the economic exploitation of India by the British? – Dadabhai NaorojiThe first passenger railway train in India ran in 1853, connecting Bombay with Thane. Under which Governor-General was this achieved? – Lord DalhousieA major milestone in India’s indigenous industrial development occurred in 1907 with the establishment of the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) in which city? – Jamshedpur (Sakchi)The first successful mechanized cotton textile mill in India, the Bombay Spinning and Weaving Company, was established in 1854 by which Parsi entrepreneur? – Cowasjee Nanabhoy DavarThe Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society) was established in Maharashtra in 1873 to secure human rights and social justice for lower castes. Who founded it? – Jyotiba PhuleWhich prominent social reformer from Maharashtra authored the book Gulamgiri (Slavery) in 1873, dedicating it to the anti-slavery movement in the United States? – Jyotiba PhuleThe Vaikom Satyagraha (1924–25) in Kerala was an early and significant movement directed against what social practice? – Untouchability and the ban on lower castes using public roads around the templeThe Self-Respect Movement, which campaigned for weddings without Brahmin priests and aggressively against caste inequality, was launched in 1925 by whom? – E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker (Periyar)In 1932, to eradicate untouchability and improve the socio-economic conditions of the depressed classes, Mahatma Gandhi founded which organization? – Harijan Sevak SanghThe SNDP Yogam (Sree Narayana Dharma Paripalana Yogam) was founded in 1902 to fight for the social and religious rights of which marginalized community in Kerala? – EzhavasThe Ramakrishna Mission, emphasizing spiritual growth through humanitarian relief and social service, was established in 1897 by whom? – Swami VivekanandaThe Arya Samaj was founded in 1875 with the motto “Go back to the Vedas.” Who was its founder? – Swami Dayanand SaraswatiOften hailed as the “Father of the Indian Renaissance,” which reformer founded the Brahmo Samaj in 1828 to purge Hinduism of idol worship and caste abuses? – Raja Rammohan RoyWhich Bengali social reformer tirelessly campaigned for the rights of widows, directly contributing to the passage of the Hindu Widow Remarriage Act of 1856? – Ishwar Chandra VidyasagarWhich British Governor-General is credited with the abolition of the practice of Sati in 1829, heavily supported by the campaigns of Raja Rammohan Roy? – Lord William BentinckThe Aligarh Movement sought to introduce modern Western education to the Muslim community while retaining Islamic identity. Who was its principal founder? – Syed Ahmed KhanThe Theosophical Society shifted its international headquarters in 1882 to which location in India? – Adyar, MadrasThe prominent socio-reformer Dhondo Keshav Karve (D.K. Karve) established the first Indian Women’s University in 1916. In which city was it founded? – PuneThe Child Marriage Restraint Act of 1929 fixed the minimum age of marriage for girls at 14 and boys at 18. By what popular name is this act known? – The Sharda ActIn 1890, who made history by becoming the first female graduate of Calcutta University to address an open session of the Indian National Congress? – Kadambini Ganguly
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📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 97
Press in India: James Augustus Hicky founded the Bengal Gazette; Charles Metcalfe liberated the press; Lord Lytton passed the Vernacular Press Act.Education: Macaulay promoted English; Wood’s Despatch established key universities (1857); Sadler & Hunter Commissions reformed education tiers.Revenue Systems: Cornwallis introduced Zamindari; Munro implemented Ryotwari; Mackenzie devised Mahalwari.Economy & Industry: Naoroji formulated the Drain of Wealth theory; Dalhousie started railways; TISCO founded in Jamshedpur; Davar started the first cotton mill.Social Reform (Caste): Jyotiba Phule founded Satyashodhak Samaj & wrote Gulamgiri; Vaikom Satyagraha fought untouchability; Periyar launched Self-Respect Movement; Gandhi formed Harijan Sevak Sangh.Social Reform (Kerala): SNDP Yogam fought for the rights of Ezhavas.Socio-Religious Reform: Vivekananda formed Ramakrishna Mission; Dayanand Saraswati founded Arya Samaj; Rammohan Roy founded Brahmo Samaj.Women’s Rights: Vidyasagar championed widow remarriage; Bentinck abolished Sati; Karve founded the first women’s university; Sharda Act curbed child marriage; Kadambini Ganguly was the first female graduate to address INC.Other Movements: Syed Ahmed Khan led the Aligarh Movement; Theosophical Society headquartered in Adyar.
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