Modern History Set 34 | MROY Class

Modern History Set 34 – Questions & Answers

During the civil rebellion in Awadh in 1799, Wazir Ali Khan assassinated the British resident at Benares. What was the resident’s name? – George Frederick Cherry
Strikara Bhanj, who defied public authorities and rebelled against the British in 1800, was the zamindar of which estate in the Ganjam district? – Gumsur
In 1808, Velu Thampi openly called for the people to take up arms against the British in a famous address known as what? – The Kundara Proclamation
During the disturbances in Bundelkhand (1808–12), which famous military adventurer eluded British forces for four years over a dispute with his uncle? – Gopal Singh
The violent uprising in Bareilly in 1816 was immediately triggered by the imposition of which of the following? – A police tax
Dayaram, who rebelled against the East India Company in 1817 due to high revenue demands, held a strong base at the fort of Hathras, which was often referred to as what? – The Second Bharatpur
The Paikas of Odisha, who initiated the Paika Rebellion of 1817, traditionally enjoyed rent-free land tenures in exchange for providing what service? – Military service and policing functions
Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar, the leader of the Paika Rebellion, served as the military chief to the Raja of which region? – Khurda
The Waghera Rising (1818–20) took place primarily in the region of Okha Mandal as a reaction against alien rule and the exactions of which ruler? – The Gaekwad of Baroda
In 1828, the Ahom prince Gomdhar Konwar led a revolt against the British occupation of which region after the First Burma War? – Assam
The Kolhapur and Savantvadi Revolts of 1844 were spearheaded by the Gadkaris, who were traditionally employed as what? – Hereditary military garrisons in Maratha forts
The Wahabi Movement in India, inspired by Abdul Wahab and Shah Waliullah, established its primary base for operations in which location in the north-western tribal belt? – Sithana
The Kuka Movement was founded in 1840 in western Punjab by Bhagat Jawahar Mal, who was also known by what name? – Sian Saheb
Mir Nithar Ali, the leader of the Narkelberia Uprising against British indigo planters and Hindu landlords, was famously known as whom? – Titu Mir
The Pagal Panthis, who protested against the oppression of zamindars between 1825 and 1835, mainly consisted of the Garo tribe and which other tribe? – Hajong
The Faraizi sect, which advocated for radical religious, social, and political changes in Eastern Bengal, was founded by whom? – Haji Shariatullah
The Moplah Uprisings, comprising twenty-two rebellions between 1836 and 1854 due to revenue hikes and official oppression, occurred primarily in which region? – Malabar
In the 1770s, which tribal group living around the Rajmahal hills faced brutal attacks by the British for resisting the expansion of settled agriculture? – The Pahariyas
Which Santhal leader is reputed to have organized guerrilla warfare and captured the Ramgarh Camp from the British in 1778? – Tilka Manjhi
Durjan Singh, the leader of the significant Chuar rebellion of 1798, was the dispossessed zamindar of which estate? – Raipur
The 1798 Tamar Revolt in the Chotanagpur region, expressing anger against outsiders (diku), was led by Bholanath Sahay and predominantly involved which tribal group? – The Mundas
In 1831, the Kol Mutiny erupted due to the large-scale transfers of land from tribal headmen to outsiders. Who was the prominent leader of this mutiny? – Buddho Bhagat
The massive Santhal Rebellion of 1855–56 occurred after the Santhals were oppressed by moneylenders and police following their settlement in the foothills of which region? – Rajmahal
The Birsa Munda Revolt (1899–1900), aimed at establishing a Munda Raj and gaining independence, was known by what term meaning ‘Great Tumult’? – Ulgulan
Which sociologist and Marxist historian authored the classic book Social Background of Indian Nationalism, first published in 1948? – A.R. Desai
The famous 19th-century Bengali novel Anandamath, which depicted the Sanyasi Revolt and popularized the lyric ‘Vandemataram’, was written by whom? – Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
Following the death of Aurangzeb and during the era of the later Mughals, the Marathas expanded their influence and established control over Gujarat, Malwa, and Bundelkhand by which year? – 1740
Who succeeded Murshid Kuli Khan as the ruler of Bengal in 1727, maintaining its prosperity? – Shuja-ud-din
During the 18th century, while trade and industry flourished in many parts of India, which region was the principal center specifically for woollen manufactures? – Kashmir
In 18th-century Bihar and Bengal, the Chatuspathis or Tols were traditional centers of higher education that primarily imparted education in which language? – Sanskrit

MROY Class

Modern History Set 34

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📌 Modern History • Awadh Rebellion

Q.1) During the civil rebellion in Awadh in 1799, Wazir Ali Khan assassinated the British resident at Benares. What was the resident’s name?

Ans > George Frederick Cherry

Background of Wazir Ali: Wazir Ali Khan was the Nawab of Awadh who was deposed by the British East India Company in 1798. He was replaced by his uncle, Saadat Ali Khan II, pensioned off, and exiled to Benares to prevent him from causing political instability in Awadh.
The British Order: In January 1799, the British Governor-General, Lord Wellesley, grew suspicious of Wazir Ali’s activities, fearing he was forming alliances with the Afghans (Zaman Shah) or the French. Wellesley ordered Wazir Ali to leave Benares and move to Calcutta, an order that deeply infuriated the former Nawab.
The Assassination: On January 14, 1799, Wazir Ali visited the British Resident at Benares, George Frederick Cherry, for a scheduled breakfast meeting. During the meeting, a heated altercation ensued over the relocation order. Wazir Ali struck Cherry with his sword, and his armed guards subsequently assassinated Cherry.
The Aftermath: This assassination triggered a brief but violent civil rebellion known as the Massacre of Benares. Wazir Ali’s men killed several other Europeans in the city before a British military force under General Erskine arrived to ruthlessly suppress the uprising, forcing Wazir Ali to flee.

📌 Modern History • Gumsur Rebellion

Q.2) Strikara Bhanj, who defied public authorities and rebelled against the British in 1800, was the zamindar of which estate in the Ganjam district?

Ans > Gumsur

Early Resistance to Revenue Policies: The Gumsur rebellion in the Ganjam district (located in present-day Odisha) was a significant early resistance movement against the British East India Company’s aggressive and inflexible revenue policies that severely undermined traditional landholders.
Strikara Bhanj’s Defiance: Strikara Bhanj was the traditional zamindar (Raja) of the Gumsur estate. He adamantly refused to pay the exorbitant revenue arrears demanded by the newly established British administrative authorities, viewing their demands as illegitimate and economically ruinous.
The 1800 Uprising: In 1800, Strikara Bhanj openly defied the public authorities and went into full-scale rebellion. The British, who were simultaneously occupied with other regional conflicts, initially found it difficult to completely suppress him and his loyal followers in the difficult terrain.
Legacy of Resistance: Strikara Bhanj was eventually forced to surrender his position in 1801, but the unrest in Gumsur did not end there. His son, Dhananjaya Bhanj, later continued the legacy of fierce resistance, leading to another major and protracted tribal-peasant uprising in the region between 1835 and 1837.

📌 Modern History • Anti-British Uprisings

Q.3) In 1808, Velu Thampi openly called for the people to take up arms against the British in a famous address known as what?

Ans > The Kundara Proclamation

Rising Tensions in Travancore: Velu Thampi Dalawa was the highly capable Prime Minister (Dalawa) of the Indian kingdom of Travancore. Severe tensions arose with the British East India Company over the heavy arrears of the subsidy demanded under the Subsidiary Alliance system, and the continuous, arrogant interference of the British Resident, Colin Macaulay.
The Call to Arms: On January 11, 1809, pushed to the brink by British diplomatic and financial pressure, Velu Thampi issued a famous and passionate open call to arms known as the Kundara Proclamation.
Contents of the Proclamation: Issued from the town of Kundara, this proclamation urged the people of Kerala to rise up en masse and drive out the British forces. Velu Thampi explicitly warned that British rule would lead to the total destruction of their native religion, ancient customs, and traditional way of life.
Tragic Conclusion: The proclamation successfully sparked a massive popular armed uprising, but the highly disciplined British forces eventually defeated Velu Thampi’s native army. To completely avoid capture and public humiliation by the British, Velu Thampi tragically died by suicide in the Mannadi temple in 1809.

📌 Modern History • Bundelkhand Disturbances

Q.4) During the disturbances in Bundelkhand (1808–12), which famous military adventurer eluded British forces for four years over a dispute with his uncle?

Ans > Gopal Singh

Context of the Disturbances: The prolonged disturbances in Bundelkhand between 1808 and 1812 were part of the broader, fierce resistance against the British East India Company’s attempts to establish absolute paramountcy and collect heavy revenues in central India.
The Succession Dispute: Gopal Singh was a notable military adventurer and a local chieftain who became a major thorn in the side of the British. His rebellion began over a bitter succession dispute regarding his ancestral estate, which the British authorities had unjustly awarded to his uncle instead of him.
Guerrilla Warfare Strategy: Feeling deeply wronged, Gopal Singh took to the hills and dense jungles, organizing a loyal band of armed followers. He launched a protracted and highly effective guerrilla war, utilizing hit-and-run tactics that thoroughly frustrated the regular military units.
Eluding Capture and Final Settlement: For four long years, he successfully eluded the highly organized British military forces, relying on the rugged, impenetrable terrain of Bundelkhand for cover. His prolonged resistance eventually forced the British to recognize his local strength and negotiate, leading to him being officially granted a jagir (land grant) in 1812 to pacify the volatile region.

📌 Modern History • Popular Revolts

Q.5) The violent uprising in Bareilly in 1816 was immediately triggered by the imposition of which of the following?

Ans > A police tax

Nature of the Revolt: The Bareilly uprising of 1816 in the Rohilkhand region was a violent and spontaneous popular revolt against the oppressive fiscal policies of the British East India Company.
The Triggering Tax: The immediate trigger for the massive rebellion was the imposition of a new, highly unpopular municipal tax, specifically a police tax (known locally as the Chaukidari tax). This tax was ostensibly aimed at funding the local police force but was viewed by the residents as arbitrary, unjust, and a severe economic burden.
Corrupt Collection Methods: The method of tax collection by corrupt, high-handed, and unsympathetic local officials further inflamed public anger. When the police aggressively injured a woman while attempting to forcefully collect the tax, the tense situation exploded into an open, armed civilian rebellion.
Suppression of the Uprising: The angry insurgents, largely comprising the martial Rohilla Afghans, attacked the provincial court and European residents, bringing local government to a halt. The British had to deploy a substantial military force, resulting in a pitched, bloody battle where hundreds of rebels were killed before the uprising was violently suppressed.

📌 Modern History • Peasant & Zamindar Revolts

Q.6) Dayaram, who rebelled against the East India Company in 1817 due to high revenue demands, held a strong base at the fort of Hathras, which was often referred to as what?

Ans > The Second Bharatpur

Power of the Taluqdar: Dayaram was an incredibly powerful taluqdar (landlord) of Hathras in the Aligarh district. He held a formidable, deeply entrenched mud fort that was widely renowned across northern India for its incredible structural strength and advanced defensive capabilities.
Conflict over Revenue: The British East India Company continuously increased their land revenue demands, which Dayaram found exorbitant and adamantly refused to pay. He compounded his defiance by providing a safe haven within his territory for fugitives fleeing British justice.
The Siege of Hathras: In 1817, the British decided to make a brutal example of him to crush the spirit of independence among the regional taluqdars. They besieged the Hathras fort with a massive army and heavily bombarded it with modern artillery.
The “Second Bharatpur” Legacy: The fort was so heavily fortified that it earned the nickname “The Second Bharatpur,” a reference to the famous, supposedly impregnable fort of Bharatpur that had previously withstood multiple British assaults. Despite fierce resistance, a massive British magazine explosion within the fort forced Dayaram to flee, marking the definitive subjugation of the powerful taluqdars of the Doab region.

📌 Modern History • Paika Rebellion

Q.7) The Paikas of Odisha, who initiated the Paika Rebellion of 1817, traditionally enjoyed rent-free land tenures in exchange for providing what service?

Ans > Military service and policing functions

Identity of the Paikas: The Paikas were a traditional, highly respected landed militia in Odisha. They proudly served as warriors during times of conflict and performed essential policing functions for the Gajapati rulers of Khurda during peacetime.
The Jagir System: In exchange for their hereditary military service and absolute loyalty, they were granted large tracts of rent-free agricultural land, which were traditionally known as Paika Bidya or Nish-kar jagirs, forming the absolute basis of their socio-economic standing.
British Policy Changes: When the British East India Company conquered Odisha in 1803, they introduced a ruthless new administrative and revenue system that drastically altered the local socio-economic fabric. The British implemented short-term revenue settlements and heavily increased overall tax demands.
The Catalyst for Rebellion: Crucially, the British administration decided to forcefully resume the rent-free lands of the Paikas, effectively stripping them of their ancient livelihood and social status. Furthermore, they introduced a new currency system requiring taxes to be paid in silver instead of traditional cowrie shells, causing massive economic hardship that directly culminated in the armed Paika Rebellion of 1817.

📌 Modern History • Paika Rebellion

Q.8) Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar, the leader of the Paika Rebellion, served as the military chief to the Raja of which region?

Ans > Khurda

Role as Military Chief: Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar Mohapatra Bhramarbar Ray was the esteemed hereditary military commander (Bakshi) of the forces belonging to the Raja of Khurda, Mukunda Deva II. He was the principal architect and charismatic leader of the massive Paika Rebellion of 1817.
Personal Grievances: Like the Paika militiamen he commanded, Jagabandhu suffered immensely under the new British rule. His highly lucrative ancestral estate of Killa Rorang was fraudulently taken over by corrupt Bengali revenue officials who were working closely with the British administration.
Organizing the Uprising: Reduced to near poverty and reliant on the charity of his former subjects, Jagabandhu brilliantly organized the deeply disgruntled Paikas, local zamindars, and fierce tribal groups like the Kondhs into a formidable, united rebel force against the colonial authorities.
The Outbreak of Rebellion: In April 1817, under his command, they launched massive, coordinated attacks on British police stations, administrative offices, and the treasury in Banapur. This sparked a widespread, violent uprising across Khurda, Puri, and Cuttack. He successfully evaded capture for years using guerrilla tactics before finally surrendering in 1825.

📌 Modern History • Waghera Rising

Q.9) The Waghera Rising (1818–20) took place primarily in the region of Okha Mandal as a reaction against alien rule and the exactions of which ruler?

Ans > The Gaekwad of Baroda

Location and Community: The Waghera Rising (1818–1820) took place in the remote Okha Mandal region of the Kathiawar Peninsula in present-day Gujarat. The Wagheras were a robust, independent community primarily engaged in agriculture, fishing, and occasionally maritime piracy.
Establishment of Paramountcy: Following a series of strategic British treaties with both the Gaekwad of Baroda and the Peshwa, the British successfully established their political paramountcy over the entire Kathiawar region, significantly altering local power dynamics.
Causes of the Revolt: The primary cause of the rebellion was the highly oppressive exactations and the heavy, unjust tribute repeatedly demanded by the Gaekwad of Baroda. These extreme financial demands were actively supported and militarily enforced by the British authorities.
Course of the Rebellion: Resenting this alien rule and the severe economic exploitation, the Wagheras took up arms. They launched fierce attacks on British and Gaekwad territories, engaging in sustained guerrilla warfare. The British had to dispatch a considerable military force to Okha Mandal to finally subdue the uprising by 1820, eventually granting them peace treaties to stabilize the region.

📌 Modern History • Ahom Revolt

Q.10) In 1828, the Ahom prince Gomdhar Konwar led a revolt against the British occupation of which region after the First Burma War?

Ans > Assam

Broken British Promises: Following the conclusion of the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826) and the signing of the Treaty of Yandabo, the British had explicitly promised to withdraw from Assam once regional peace was fully restored.
Annexation and Resentment: However, instead of leaving, the British East India Company officially annexed Lower Assam and aggressively began imposing their own complex administrative and revenue systems. This betrayal caused deep, simmering resentment among the traditional native Assamese nobility and the general populace.
The Gomdhar Konwar Rebellion: In 1828, the displaced Ahom elite, desiring the immediate restoration of their traditional monarchy, organized a significant rebellion under the leadership of Gomdhar Konwar, a prominent Ahom prince. The rebels formally crowned Gomdhar Konwar as their rightful king at Jorhat and began gathering weapons.
Swift British Suppression: The British authorities acted swiftly and decisively to crush the nascent threat. Lieutenant Rutherford led intense military operations against the insurgents, easily defeating Gomdhar Konwar’s poorly equipped forces. Gomdhar fled into the Naga hills but was eventually betrayed, captured, and imprisoned, marking the end of the first significant anti-British revolt in Assam.

📌 Modern History • Maratha Uprisings

Q.11) The Kolhapur and Savantvadi Revolts of 1844 were spearheaded by the Gadkaris, who were traditionally employed as what?

Ans > Hereditary military garrisons in Maratha forts

The Role of the Gadkaris: The Kolhapur and Savantvadi Revolts of 1844 in Maharashtra were primarily led by a fiercely independent class known as the Gadkaris. The Gadkaris were a hereditary military class who had proudly served as highly skilled garrisons in the numerous Maratha hill forts for generations.
The Economic Arrangement: In direct return for their loyal military service and defense of the forts for the Chhatrapatis of Kolhapur, the Gadkaris were historically granted substantial revenue-free lands, which formed the absolute core of their economic survival and social prestige.
British Administrative Reforms: When the British took direct administrative control of the Kolhapur state following a complex succession dispute, they immediately implemented sweeping, cost-cutting administrative and financial reforms under the direction of D.K. Pandit.
The Trigger for Revolt: One of the most devastating reforms was the complete disbandment of the Gadkari garrisons and the ruthless resumption of their tax-free lands. Left entirely unemployed and stripped of their traditional rights, the Gadkaris rose in a massive, violent revolt in 1844, capturing key forts like Samangarh and Bhudargarh before a massive British force finally suppressed them.

📌 Modern History • Socio-Religious Movements

Q.12) The Wahabi Movement in India, inspired by Abdul Wahab and Shah Waliullah, established its primary base for operations in which location in the north-western tribal belt?

Ans > Sithana

Origins of the Movement: The Wahabi Movement in India was a vigorous, highly organized Islamic revivalist and socio-political movement that emerged in the early 19th century. It was founded by Syed Ahmed Barelvi, who was deeply influenced by the puritanical teachings of Abdul Wahab of Arabia and Shah Waliullah of Delhi.
Shift to Militancy: Initially aimed purely at purifying Islam of what were considered un-Islamic practices, it quickly transformed into a militant, armed political struggle. The Wahabis declared India under British rule as ‘Dar-ul-Harb’ (the land of the enemy) and aimed to re-establish ‘Dar-ul-Islam’ (Islamic rule).
The Base at Sithana: They established a highly secretive, sophisticated network across India to raise massive funds and constantly recruit dedicated fighters. Their primary military headquarters and central base for armed operations was strategically established at Sithana, located deep in the rugged north-western tribal belt (in present-day Pakistan).
Anti-Colonial Warfare: From this impregnable base in Sithana, they launched continuous, fierce armed attacks against the British forces for decades. They played a massive anti-colonial role until their leadership and financial networks were systematically dismantled through a series of famous treason trials in the 1860s.

📌 Modern History • Kuka Movement

Q.13) The Kuka Movement was founded in 1840 in western Punjab by Bhagat Jawahar Mal, who was also known by what name?

Ans > Sian Saheb

Founding and Early Goals: The Kuka Movement, also officially known as the Namdhari Movement, was founded in 1840 in western Punjab by Bhagat Jawahar Mal, who was affectionately and widely known as Sian Saheb.
Religious Purification: Initially, the movement operated strictly as a religious purification campaign within Sikhism. It aimed at completely removing social abuses like the rigid caste system, widow-burning, and meat-eating, while strongly promoting highly simple living and the continuous reciting of God’s name (Nam).
Political Transformation: However, after the total British annexation of Punjab in 1849, the movement took on a remarkably strong political and anti-colonial character, especially under the subsequent leadership of Baba Ram Singh. The Kukas openly advocated for the complete restoration of Sikh sovereign rule.
Pioneering Non-Cooperation: They launched a massive, organized campaign of non-cooperation against the British, remarkably pre-dating Mahatma Gandhi’s similar movement by decades. They actively boycotted British education, colonial laws, and imported goods, wearing only hand-spun khadi. The movement was brutally suppressed in 1872 when British forces blew dozens of Kukas from cannons.

📌 Modern History • Peasant Uprisings

Q.14) Mir Nithar Ali, the leader of the Narkelberia Uprising against British indigo planters and Hindu landlords, was famously known as whom?

Ans > Titu Mir

Identity of the Leader: Mir Nithar Ali, universally known in history as Titu Mir, was a deeply prominent and charismatic peasant leader who led a massive, highly significant uprising in rural Bengal during the early 1830s.
Targets of the Uprising: His movement, known as the Narkelberia Uprising or the Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya movement in Bengal, primarily mobilized the impoverished Muslim peasantry and rural weavers. They fought against the severe, unchecked exploitation by European indigo planters and the highly oppressive, illegal exactions of local Hindu zamindars.
The Bamboo Fort: Titu Mir famously constructed a massive, incredibly resilient bamboo fort (Banser Kella) at Narkelberia village to serve as his primary military headquarters and a powerful symbol of rural resistance. He boldly declared his followers free from the authority of the zamindars and the British East India Company.
The Final Stand: In 1831, the British authorities, deeply alarmed by his rapidly growing power and the severe threat to the lucrative indigo trade, sent a heavily armed military expedition equipped with heavy artillery against him. Titu Mir and many of his loyal followers died fighting heroically when their bamboo fort was finally destroyed by British cannons.

📌 Modern History • Tribal Uprisings

Q.15) The Pagal Panthis, who protested against the oppression of zamindars between 1825 and 1835, mainly consisted of the Garo tribe and which other tribe?

Ans > Hajong

Origins of the Sect: The Pagal Panthi movement was a highly unique socio-religious and agrarian movement that emerged in the Mymensingh district of Bengal (now located in modern Bangladesh) during the early 19th century. Founded by Karam Shah, the sect preached a syncretic religion promoting absolute equality and brotherhood.
Shift to Agrarian Militancy: Under the dynamic leadership of his son, Tipu Shah, the movement took a sharply militant and agrarian turn between 1825 and 1835. The dedicated followers, widely known as Pagal Panthis, mainly belonged to the deeply marginalized Hajong and Garo tribal communities.
Exploitation by Zamindars: These specific tribes faced immense, crushing economic exploitation, illegal tax exactions, and severe physical oppression by the powerful local zamindars. Tipu Shah brilliantly organized these tribes, declaring that absolutely no rent should be paid beyond a strictly fixed minimum limit.
Rebellion and Suppression: The highly motivated rebels successfully captured government officials, established a functioning parallel administration, and frequently attacked the heavily fortified houses of wealthy zamindars. The British authorities had to heavily deploy significant regular military troops on multiple occasions to finally quell the uprising and restore order.

📌 Modern History • Faraizi Movement

Q.16) The Faraizi sect, which advocated for radical religious, social, and political changes in Eastern Bengal, was founded by whom?

Ans > Haji Shariatullah

Foundation of the Movement: The Faraizi Movement was a massive, highly powerful Islamic revivalist and agrarian reform movement founded in 1818 by the charismatic Haji Shariatullah in the Faridpur district of Eastern Bengal.
Religious and Agrarian Goals: The term ‘Faraizi’ is directly derived from ‘fard’, meaning the absolute obligatory duties enjoined by Islam. While Haji Shariatullah called upon Muslims to strictly adhere to these duties, the movement aggressively championed the cause of the poor tenant farmers against the oppressive, illegal taxes (abwabs) levied by zamindars and European indigo planters.
Radical Declarations: Shariatullah boldly declared that all land fundamentally belonged to God, and therefore, absolutely no individual or colonial authority had the right to levy arbitrary taxes on it. This deeply resonated with the heavily exploited peasantry.
Militant Turn under Dudu Miyan: After his death, his son, Dudu Miyan, brilliantly organized the movement into a highly structured, fiercely militant agrarian force. The Faraizis frequently clashed violently with the colonial police and landlords, establishing parallel village courts and refusing to pay rents, making it one of the most sustained uprisings in Bengal.

📌 Modern History • Moplah Uprisings

Q.17) The Moplah Uprisings, comprising twenty-two rebellions between 1836 and 1854 due to revenue hikes and official oppression, occurred primarily in which region?

Ans > Malabar

The Moplah Community: The Moplahs (or Mappilas) were predominantly a community of Muslim tenant farmers (kanumpattadars) and impoverished agricultural laborers primarily located in the fertile Malabar region of northern Kerala.
British Alteration of Land Rights: Following the British annexation of Malabar in 1792, the newly imposed British revenue settlement fundamentally and disastrously altered traditional land relations. The British legally recognized the Hindu Janmis (landlords) as absolute owners of the land, completely stripping the Moplah tenants of their ancient customary rights.
Exploitation and Hostility: This catastrophic policy left the Moplahs highly vulnerable to severe rack-renting, arbitrary mass evictions, and illegal tax exactions. This extreme economic exploitation, frequently coupled with deep-seated religious differences with the landlords, created immense, explosive hostility.
Decades of Violence: Between 1836 and 1854, the region witnessed at least twenty-two incredibly violent Moplah uprisings. These revolts typically involved targeted, suicidal attacks on the oppressive Hindu landlords and British officials. The British suppressed these uprisings ruthlessly and enacted the draconian Malabar Outrages Act to crush the resistance.

📌 Modern History • Tribal Revolts

Q.18) In the 1770s, which tribal group living around the Rajmahal hills faced brutal attacks by the British for resisting the expansion of settled agriculture?

Ans > The Pahariyas

Traditional Lifestyle: The Pahariyas were a fiercely independent tribal community living in the rugged, forested Rajmahal hills (located in present-day Jharkhand). They traditionally relied entirely on forest produce, hunting, and shifting cultivation for their daily livelihood.
Encroachment by the British: During the 1770s, the British East India Company aggressively promoted the massive expansion of settled agriculture in order to maximize their land revenue collections. They actively encouraged the clearing of deep forests and brought in outside cultivators, directly encroaching upon the traditional hunting grounds of the Pahariyas.
Fierce Resistance: Viewing this rapid agricultural expansion as a severe, existential threat to their ancient way of life, the Pahariyas fiercely resisted. They launched continuous, devastating raids into the newly settled plains, attacking the villages and heavily disrupting British revenue collection efforts.
British Pacification Policy: In response, the British initially initiated a brutal military policy of extermination. Later, in the 1780s, British official Augustus Cleveland attempted a more diplomatic policy of pacification, offering regular financial allowances to Pahariya chiefs to maintain peace, though true assimilation remained largely unsuccessful.

📌 Modern History • Santhal Rebellion

Q.19) Which Santhal leader is reputed to have organized guerrilla warfare and captured the Ramgarh Camp from the British in 1778?

Ans > Tilka Manjhi

Early Tribal Leadership: Tilka Manjhi, originally named Jabra Paharia, was a legendary early tribal freedom fighter and a highly prominent, deeply respected leader of the Santhals and Pahariyas, operating decades before the massive Santhal Hool of 1855.
Recognizing British Exploitation: Tilka Manjhi clearly recognized the highly exploitative nature of British colonial rule very early on, particularly focusing on their ruthless extraction of revenue and the systematic, violent suppression of tribal autonomy and culture.
Guerrilla Tactics and Victory: In 1778, he brilliantly organized the local Adivasis into a highly effective, mobile guerrilla fighting force to resist the British East India Company. He famously led a daring, coordinated attack and successfully captured the heavily guarded Ramgarh Camp from the British forces.
Assassination and Martyrdom: In 1784, during an intense armed confrontation, Tilka Manjhi fatally shot the British Magistrate of Bhagalpur, Augustus Cleveland, with a poisoned arrow. This bold act led to a massive British manhunt. Tilka Manjhi was eventually betrayed, captured, dragged by horses, and publicly hanged in 1785, making him an early martyr.

📌 Modern History • Chuar Rebellion

Q.20) Durjan Singh, the leader of the significant Chuar rebellion of 1798, was the dispossessed zamindar of which estate?

Ans > Raipur

The Chuar Community: The Chuar Rebellion of 1798 was a major, highly disruptive tribal uprising in the Jungle Mahals region of Bengal (encompassing the modern Midnapore and Bankura districts). The Chuars, predominantly Bhumij tribals, traditionally served as local militiamen (paiks) for the regional zamindars and held rent-free lands.
Impact of British Policies: The British East India Company introduced strict, ruinous revenue policies, aggressively resumed their traditional rent-free lands, and replaced the native paiks with professional, outside police, instantly plunging the entire community into sudden, extreme poverty.
Leadership of Durjan Singh: Durjan Singh, the influential and deeply respected zamindar of the Raipur estate, was callously dispossessed of his vast ancestral lands by the British for allegedly failing to meet their exorbitant revenue demands.
Massive Uprising: Capitalizing on the immense local anger, Durjan Singh united the displaced paiks, impoverished peasants, and other disgruntled zamindars. In 1798, he led a massive, well-organized revolt. His forces brought British administration to a standstill, repeatedly defeating Company troops and burning police stations until massive British reinforcements finally crushed the rebellion.

📌 Modern History • Tribal Revolts

Q.21) The 1798 Tamar Revolt in the Chotanagpur region, expressing anger against outsiders (diku), was led by Bholanath Sahay and predominantly involved which tribal group?

Ans > The Mundas

Context of the Tamar Revolt: The Tamar Revolt of 1798 was a highly significant, deeply rooted tribal uprising in the Chotanagpur region (present-day Jharkhand), primarily led and sustained by the Mundas, one of the oldest tribal groups in the area.
The Threat of the “Dikus”: The absolute core cause of the massive rebellion was the aggressive, state-backed intrusion of non-tribal outsiders, whom the tribals collectively and derisively referred to as “dikus.” These dikus included corrupt British revenue officials, exploitative Hindu and Muslim moneylenders, and ruthless contractors.
Land Alienation: The newly imposed British land revenue policies actively facilitated the rapid, fraudulent transfer of traditional, ancestral Munda agricultural lands directly into the greedy hands of these outsiders, completely destroying the tribal economy.
Violent Insurgency: Led by Bholanath Sahay, the Mundas revolted violently. The rebellion was characterized by widespread, targeted attacks on the properties and lives of the dikus and the British authorities. The insurgency was fierce and protracted, requiring the British to conduct extensive military operations over several months before regaining control in 1799.

📌 Modern History • Kol Mutiny

Q.22) In 1831, the Kol Mutiny erupted due to the large-scale transfers of land from tribal headmen to outsiders. Who was the prominent leader of this mutiny?

Ans > Buddho Bhagat

Causes of the Kol Mutiny: The Kol Mutiny of 1831–1832 was a massive, highly destructive tribal insurgency in the Chotanagpur region, primarily driven by severe economic exploitation and systematic land alienation. The Kols deeply resented the transfer of their lands to non-tribal outsiders (Sikh and Muslim farmers, moneylenders) facilitated by British revenue laws.
Leadership of Buddho Bhagat: Buddho Bhagat emerged as the highly prominent, deeply revered, and charismatic leader of this massive uprising. Under his visionary leadership, the violent rebellion spread incredibly rapidly across the districts of Ranchi, Hazaribagh, Palamau, and Manbhum.
Guerrilla Warfare and Holy War: The Kols employed ruthless, highly effective guerrilla tactics, systematically burning the houses of the outsiders and killing those they viewed as exploiters. Buddho Bhagat officially declared a holy war against the British and their native, exploitative agents.
British Military Response: The British East India Company was completely caught off guard and had to hastily mobilize a massive military force, bringing in heavily armed troops from Calcutta, Danapur, and Benares. In a fierce final battle, Buddho Bhagat and hundreds of his followers were killed, brutally ending the mutiny.

📌 Modern History • Santhal Rebellion

Q.23) The massive Santhal Rebellion of 1855–56 occurred after the Santhals were oppressed by moneylenders and police following their settlement in the foothills of which region?

Ans > Rajmahal

Migration to Damin-i-Koh: The Santhal Rebellion (Santhal Hool) of 1855–1856 was one of the most intense and massive tribal uprisings against British colonial rule. To escape earlier oppression, the Santhals had migrated to the Damin-i-Koh area in the foothills of the Rajmahal hills, turning the dense forests into highly fertile agricultural land through immense hard work.
Systematic Exploitation: However, their newfound prosperity attracted Bengali and Marwari moneylenders (mahajans). These mahajans charged extortionate interest rates on loans, leading to severe debt-bondage and the fraudulent, permanent loss of the Santhals’ hard-earned lands. The corrupt local police consistently favored the rich exploiters.
The Massive Hool (Revolt): Infuriated by this systematic, inescapable oppression, the Santhals rose in a massive, highly organized revolt under the charismatic leadership of four brothers: Sidhu, Kanhu, Chand, and Bhairav.
Declaration of Independence: Over 60,000 armed Santhals mobilized, boldly declaring an absolute end to British rule and establishing their own parallel government. They fiercely attacked moneylenders, zamindars, and British officials. The massive rebellion was ultimately crushed only after the British deployed thousands of troops and modern artillery.

📌 Modern History • Munda Revolt

Q.24) The Birsa Munda Revolt (1899–1900), aimed at establishing a Munda Raj and gaining independence, was known by what term meaning ‘Great Tumult’?

Ans > Ulgulan

Destruction of the Khuntkatti System: The Birsa Munda Revolt, occurring between 1899 and 1900 in the Chotanagpur region, was a highly organized tribal movement. It was directed entirely against the systematic destruction of the traditional Munda joint-ownership agrarian system (Khuntkatti) by outside landlords, moneylenders, and British colonial policies.
Rise of Birsa Munda: Birsa Munda, a highly charismatic figure, initiated a powerful politico-religious movement. He boldly urged his followers to entirely reject superstitions, stop drinking liquor, and fight fiercely for their ancestral land rights and cultural survival.
The Meaning of Ulgulan: The massive rebellion was famously termed the ‘Ulgulan’, which translates to the ‘Great Tumult’ or ‘Great Commotion’. The ultimate, uncompromising goal of the Ulgulan was to completely overthrow oppressive British rule, expel the exploitative outsiders (dikus), and establish an independent ‘Munda Raj’ with Birsa as its leader.
Christmas Eve Attacks and Suppression: On Christmas Eve of 1899, the highly motivated Mundas launched widespread, coordinated attacks on churches, police stations, and government officials. The British ruthlessly suppressed the uprising with heavy military force, and Birsa Munda was captured, mysteriously dying in a British jail in 1900.

📌 Modern History • Historical Literature

Q.25) Which sociologist and Marxist historian authored the classic book Social Background of Indian Nationalism, first published in 1948?

Ans > A.R. Desai

A Pioneer in Marxist Historiography: Akshay Ramanlal Desai (A.R. Desai) was a highly prominent Indian sociologist and a deeply dedicated Marxist historian whose extensive work profoundly influenced the modern academic understanding of Indian political history.
A Groundbreaking Text: First published in 1948, his magnum opus, ‘Social Background of Indian Nationalism’, is widely considered a groundbreaking and absolute classic text in the fields of Indian sociology and political history.
Analyzing Colonial Economic Impact: Unlike traditional nationalist historians who focused primarily on the political elite and constitutional developments, Desai applied a rigorous Marxist framework. He meticulously detailed how British colonial policies systematically destroyed India’s traditional pre-capitalist economy and forcefully introduced a distorted, exploitative form of capitalism.
Class Struggle in Nationalism: His book brilliantly traces the emergence of various new social classes in India—such as the modern bourgeoisie, the working class, and the impoverished peasantry. It deeply analyzes how the distinct economic interests of these varied classes fundamentally shaped the trajectory, character, and ultimate goals of the Indian nationalist movement.

📌 Modern History • Historical Literature

Q.26) The famous 19th-century Bengali novel Anandamath, which depicted the Sanyasi Revolt and popularized the lyric ‘Vandemataram’, was written by whom?

Ans > Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

A Literary Giant: Bankim Chandra Chatterjee was a towering, highly influential figure in 19th-century Bengali literature and a crucial pioneer in the early awakening of Indian nationalist consciousness.
The Significance of Anandamath: His magnum opus, the historical novel ‘Anandamath’, published in 1882, remains an absolute cornerstone of modern Indian literature. Set against the grim backdrop of the devastating Bengal Famine of 1770 and the subsequent Sanyasi Rebellion, it tells a powerful story of resistance.
The Sanyasi Brotherhood: The novel deeply romanticizes a highly secretive brotherhood of warrior-ascetics (Sanyasis) who solemnly vow to fight a guerrilla war against the oppressive British East India Company and their local allies to save their starving motherland from utter destruction.
The Anthem of a Nation: Crucially, ‘Anandamath’ introduced the iconic, deeply emotional poem “Vande Mataram” (I bow to thee, Mother). This patriotic lyric personified India as a divine mother goddess, transforming nationalism into a sacred religious duty. It soon became the definitive rallying cry and the unofficial national anthem of the entire Indian freedom struggle.

📌 Modern History • Maratha Expansion

Q.27) Following the death of Aurangzeb and during the era of the later Mughals, the Marathas expanded their influence and established control over Gujarat, Malwa, and Bundelkhand by which year?

Ans > 1740

The Mughal Vacuum: The early 18th century witnessed the rapid, irreversible decline of the once-mighty Mughal Empire, particularly accelerating following the death of Emperor Aurangzeb in 1707. This massive political vacuum was swiftly and aggressively filled by the resurgent Maratha Empire.
The Leadership of Baji Rao I: The Marathas were led during this explosive period of expansion by the highly dynamic Peshwa (Prime Minister) Baji Rao I (1720–1740). He masterminded a bold, aggressive military strategy to strike directly at the heart of the decaying Mughal Empire.
A Bold Strategic Vision: Baji Rao I famously stated his strategic vision: “Let us strike at the trunk of the withering tree, the branches will fall of themselves.” He led his highly mobile cavalry forces deep into northern India.
Dominance by 1740: Through a series of brilliant military campaigns and highly effective diplomatic maneuvers, the Marathas completely shattered Mughal authority in central and western India. By the time of Baji Rao’s death in 1740, the Marathas had firmly established paramount control over the vast and wealthy provinces of Gujarat, Malwa, and Bundelkhand.

📌 Modern History • Later Mughals & Regional States

Q.28) Who succeeded Murshid Kuli Khan as the ruler of Bengal in 1727, maintaining its prosperity?

Ans > Shuja-ud-din

The Rise of Independent Bengal: In the early 18th century, as the central Mughal authority in Delhi severely weakened, Bengal rapidly emerged as one of the most prosperous and virtually independent regional states in the entire Indian subcontinent.
The Legacy of Murshid Kuli Khan: Murshid Kuli Khan was the foundational figure of this independent Bengal. Serving as its highly effective Nawab, he established a strict, highly efficient revenue administration that massively filled the state’s coffers and ensured deep political stability.
The Succession of Shuja-ud-din: Upon his death in 1727, he was succeeded by his son-in-law, Shuja-ud-din Muhammad Khan. Shuja-ud-din proved to be a highly capable, diplomatic, and generally benevolent ruler who understood the importance of economic continuity.
An Era of Prosperity: He successfully maintained the peace, stability, and immense economic prosperity that his predecessor had established. Furthermore, he successfully expanded the borders of the Bengal Subah by formally incorporating Bihar and Orissa under his direct administrative control, allowing Bengal to flourish as the wealthiest province in India.

📌 Modern History • 18th Century Economy

Q.29) During the 18th century, while trade and industry flourished in many parts of India, which region was the principal center specifically for woollen manufactures?

Ans > Kashmir

India as a Manufacturing Hub: During the 18th century, long before the full, devastating impact of the British Industrial Revolution hit the Indian subcontinent, India was recognized as a massive global manufacturing hub, exporting goods worldwide.
Regional Specializations: While various regions specialized in vastly different, high-quality crafts—such as Dacca for its incredibly exquisite muslin and Surat for heavily exported cotton textiles—the mountainous region of Kashmir stood out uniquely.
The Pinnacle of Woollen Craft: Kashmir was the absolute premier center in the world specifically for incredibly high-quality woollen manufactures. The most famous and highly desired product of the region was the legendary Kashmiri shawl.
Global Export and Wealth: These shawls were meticulously woven from the incredibly fine, soft, and warm ‘pashm’ wool obtained from the undercoat of high-altitude Himalayan mountain goats. The industry employed tens of thousands of skilled artisans. These luxurious shawls were heavily prized by European royalty, generating massive wealth and serving as the absolute cornerstone of Kashmir’s 18th-century economy.

📌 Modern History • Education in 18th Century

Q.30) In 18th-century Bihar and Bengal, the Chatuspathis or Tols were traditional centers of higher education that primarily imparted education in which language?

Ans > Sanskrit

The Pre-Colonial Education System: In 18th-century pre-colonial India, the education system was highly traditional, deeply localized, and strictly divided along religious and caste lines, focusing heavily on classical texts rather than modern sciences.
Centers of Hindu Learning: In the eastern regions of Bihar and Bengal, higher education for Hindus was predominantly imparted in specialized, highly respected institutions known as Chatuspathis or Tols. These traditional learning centers were almost exclusively managed by learned Brahmin scholars.
Language and Funding: The primary, and often exclusive, language of scholarly instruction in these Tols was Sanskrit. They were heavily reliant on philanthropy, funded by wealthy local zamindars or regional rulers through generous land grants to support the teachers and students.
Curriculum and Stagnation: The curriculum was highly classical and rigid. It focused intensely on mastering ancient Hindu scriptures, complex Sanskrit grammar (Vyakarna), ancient Indian logic (Nyaya), Hindu law (Smriti), and philosophy (Darshana). While they preserved vital ancient knowledge, they were completely isolated from the massive scientific advancements occurring in Europe.

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 34

Awadh Rebellion (1799): Wazir Ali Khan assassinated British resident George Frederick Cherry.
Gumsur Rebellion (1800): Strikara Bhanj was the rebellious zamindar of Gumsur estate.
Kundara Proclamation (1808): Velu Thampi’s famous call to arms against the British.
Bundelkhand (1808-12): Military adventurer Gopal Singh eluded British forces for four years.
Bareilly Uprising (1816): Triggered by the imposition of a new police tax.
Hathras Fort (1817): Rebel Dayaram’s base, known as ‘The Second Bharatpur’.
Paika Rebellion (1817): Paikas enjoyed rent-free land for military and policing services.
Paika Leader: Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar served the Raja of Khurda.
Waghera Rising (1818-20): A reaction against the Gaekwad of Baroda and alien rule.
Ahom Revolt (1828): Led by Gomdhar Konwar against British occupation in Assam.
Maratha Revolts (1844): Spearheaded by Gadkaris, hereditary garrisons in Maratha forts.
Wahabi Movement: Based primarily in Sithana in the north-western tribal belt.
Kuka Movement (1840): Founded by Bhagat Jawahar Mal, also known as Sian Saheb.
Narkelberia Uprising: Led by Mir Nithar Ali, famously known as Titu Mir.
Pagal Panthis: Maintained by Garo and Hajong tribes protesting against zamindars.
Faraizi Sect: Founded by Haji Shariatullah for radical changes in Eastern Bengal.
Moplah Uprisings: Occurred primarily in the Malabar region between 1836 and 1854.
Pahariyas (1770s): Resisted settled agriculture expansion around the Rajmahal hills.
Tilka Manjhi (1778): Santhal leader who captured the Ramgarh Camp.
Chuar Rebellion (1798): Led by Durjan Singh, the dispossessed zamindar of Raipur.
Tamar Revolt (1798): Expressed anger against outsiders (diku), predominantly involving Mundas.
Kol Mutiny (1831): Led by Buddho Bhagat over land transfers to outsiders.
Santhal Rebellion (1855-56): Followed oppression by moneylenders in the Rajmahal foothills.
Birsa Munda Revolt (1899-1900): Also known as ‘Ulgulan’, meaning ‘Great Tumult’.
Social Background of Indian Nationalism (1948): Authored by Marxist historian A.R. Desai.
Anandamath: Famous 19th-century novel by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.
Maratha Expansion (1740): Established control over Gujarat, Malwa, and Bundelkhand.
Bengal (1727): Shuja-ud-din succeeded Murshid Kuli Khan as ruler.
18th Century Economy: Kashmir was the principal center for woollen manufactures.
Higher Education: Chatuspathis or Tols imparted education primarily in Sanskrit.

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Modern History Set 34

Q.1) During the civil rebellion in Awadh in 1799, Wazir Ali Khan assassinated the British resident at Benares. What was the resident’s name?

Q.2) Strikara Bhanj, who defied public authorities and rebelled against the British in 1800, was the zamindar of which estate in the Ganjam district?

Q.3) In 1808, Velu Thampi openly called for the people to take up arms against the British in a famous address known as what?

Q.4) During the disturbances in Bundelkhand (1808–12), which famous military adventurer eluded British forces for four years over a dispute with his uncle?

Q.5) The violent uprising in Bareilly in 1816 was immediately triggered by the imposition of which of the following?

Q.6) Dayaram, who rebelled against the East India Company in 1817 due to high revenue demands, held a strong base at the fort of Hathras, which was often referred to as what?

Q.7) The Paikas of Odisha, who initiated the Paika Rebellion of 1817, traditionally enjoyed rent-free land tenures in exchange for providing what service?

Q.8) Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar, the leader of the Paika Rebellion, served as the military chief to the Raja of which region?

Q.9) The Waghera Rising (1818–20) took place primarily in the region of Okha Mandal as a reaction against alien rule and the exactions of which ruler?

Q.10) In 1828, the Ahom prince Gomdhar Konwar led a revolt against the British occupation of which region after the First Burma War?

Q.11) The Kolhapur and Savantvadi Revolts of 1844 were spearheaded by the Gadkaris, who were traditionally employed as what?

Q.12) The Wahabi Movement in India, inspired by Abdul Wahab and Shah Waliullah, established its primary base for operations in which location in the north-western tribal belt?

Q.13) The Kuka Movement was founded in 1840 in western Punjab by Bhagat Jawahar Mal, who was also known by what name?

Q.14) Mir Nithar Ali, the leader of the Narkelberia Uprising against British indigo planters and Hindu landlords, was famously known as whom?

Q.15) The Pagal Panthis, who protested against the oppression of zamindars between 1825 and 1835, mainly consisted of the Garo tribe and which other tribe?

Q.16) The Faraizi sect, which advocated for radical religious, social, and political changes in Eastern Bengal, was founded by whom?

Q.17) The Moplah Uprisings, comprising twenty-two rebellions between 1836 and 1854 due to revenue hikes and official oppression, occurred primarily in which region?

Q.18) In the 1770s, which tribal group living around the Rajmahal hills faced brutal attacks by the British for resisting the expansion of settled agriculture?

Q.19) Which Santhal leader is reputed to have organized guerrilla warfare and captured the Ramgarh Camp from the British in 1778?

Q.20) Durjan Singh, the leader of the significant Chuar rebellion of 1798, was the dispossessed zamindar of which estate?

Q.21) The 1798 Tamar Revolt in the Chotanagpur region, expressing anger against outsiders (diku), was led by Bholanath Sahay and predominantly involved which tribal group?

Q.22) In 1831, the Kol Mutiny erupted due to the large-scale transfers of land from tribal headmen to outsiders. Who was the prominent leader of this mutiny?

Q.23) The massive Santhal Rebellion of 1855–56 occurred after the Santhals were oppressed by moneylenders and police following their settlement in the foothills of which region?

Q.24) The Birsa Munda Revolt (1899–1900), aimed at establishing a Munda Raj and gaining independence, was known by what term meaning ‘Great Tumult’?

Q.25) Which sociologist and Marxist historian authored the classic book Social Background of Indian Nationalism, first published in 1948?

Q.26) The famous 19th-century Bengali novel Anandamath, which depicted the Sanyasi Revolt and popularized the lyric ‘Vandemataram’, was written by whom?

Q.27) Following the death of Aurangzeb and during the era of the later Mughals, the Marathas expanded their influence and established control over Gujarat, Malwa, and Bundelkhand by which year?

Q.28) Who succeeded Murshid Kuli Khan as the ruler of Bengal in 1727, maintaining its prosperity?

Q.29) During the 18th century, while trade and industry flourished in many parts of India, which region was the principal center specifically for woollen manufactures?

Q.30) In 18th-century Bihar and Bengal, the Chatuspathis or Tols were traditional centers of higher education that primarily imparted education in which language?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 34

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Q.1) During the civil rebellion in Awadh in 1799, Wazir Ali Khan assassinated the British resident at Benares. What was the resident’s name?

Q.2) Strikara Bhanj, who defied public authorities and rebelled against the British in 1800, was the zamindar of which estate in the Ganjam district?

Q.3) In 1808, Velu Thampi openly called for the people to take up arms against the British in a famous address known as what?

Q.4) During the disturbances in Bundelkhand (1808–12), which famous military adventurer eluded British forces for four years over a dispute with his uncle?

Q.5) The violent uprising in Bareilly in 1816 was immediately triggered by the imposition of which of the following?

Q.6) Dayaram, who rebelled against the East India Company in 1817 due to high revenue demands, held a strong base at the fort of Hathras, which was often referred to as what?

Q.7) The Paikas of Odisha, who initiated the Paika Rebellion of 1817, traditionally enjoyed rent-free land tenures in exchange for providing what service?

Q.8) Bakshi Jagabandhu Bidyadhar, the leader of the Paika Rebellion, served as the military chief to the Raja of which region?

Q.9) The Waghera Rising (1818–20) took place primarily in the region of Okha Mandal as a reaction against alien rule and the exactions of which ruler?

Q.10) In 1828, the Ahom prince Gomdhar Konwar led a revolt against the British occupation of which region after the First Burma War?

Q.11) The Kolhapur and Savantvadi Revolts of 1844 were spearheaded by the Gadkaris, who were traditionally employed as what?

Q.12) The Wahabi Movement in India, inspired by Abdul Wahab and Shah Waliullah, established its primary base for operations in which location in the north-western tribal belt?

Q.13) The Kuka Movement was founded in 1840 in western Punjab by Bhagat Jawahar Mal, who was also known by what name?

Q.14) Mir Nithar Ali, the leader of the Narkelberia Uprising against British indigo planters and Hindu landlords, was famously known as whom?

Q.15) The Pagal Panthis, who protested against the oppression of zamindars between 1825 and 1835, mainly consisted of the Garo tribe and which other tribe?

Q.16) The Faraizi sect, which advocated for radical religious, social, and political changes in Eastern Bengal, was founded by whom?

Q.17) The Moplah Uprisings, comprising twenty-two rebellions between 1836 and 1854 due to revenue hikes and official oppression, occurred primarily in which region?

Q.18) In the 1770s, which tribal group living around the Rajmahal hills faced brutal attacks by the British for resisting the expansion of settled agriculture?

Q.19) Which Santhal leader is reputed to have organized guerrilla warfare and captured the Ramgarh Camp from the British in 1778?

Q.20) Durjan Singh, the leader of the significant Chuar rebellion of 1798, was the dispossessed zamindar of which estate?

Q.21) The 1798 Tamar Revolt in the Chotanagpur region, expressing anger against outsiders (diku), was led by Bholanath Sahay and predominantly involved which tribal group?

Q.22) In 1831, the Kol Mutiny erupted due to the large-scale transfers of land from tribal headmen to outsiders. Who was the prominent leader of this mutiny?

Q.23) The massive Santhal Rebellion of 1855–56 occurred after the Santhals were oppressed by moneylenders and police following their settlement in the foothills of which region?

Q.24) The Birsa Munda Revolt (1899–1900), aimed at establishing a Munda Raj and gaining independence, was known by what term meaning ‘Great Tumult’?

Q.25) Which sociologist and Marxist historian authored the classic book Social Background of Indian Nationalism, first published in 1948?

Q.26) The famous 19th-century Bengali novel Anandamath, which depicted the Sanyasi Revolt and popularized the lyric ‘Vandemataram’, was written by whom?

Q.27) Following the death of Aurangzeb and during the era of the later Mughals, the Marathas expanded their influence and established control over Gujarat, Malwa, and Bundelkhand by which year?

Q.28) Who succeeded Murshid Kuli Khan as the ruler of Bengal in 1727, maintaining its prosperity?

Q.29) During the 18th century, while trade and industry flourished in many parts of India, which region was the principal center specifically for woollen manufactures?

Q.30) In 18th-century Bihar and Bengal, the Chatuspathis or Tols were traditional centers of higher education that primarily imparted education in which language?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 34

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

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