Modern History Set 28 | MROY Class

Modern History Set 28 – Questions & Answers

During the First Anglo-Sikh War, the Sikh forces suffered five successive defeats. Which of the following locations was NOT one of these battle sites? – Chillianwala
In December 1846, the Treaty of Bhairowal removed Rani Jindan as regent and replaced her with a council of regency consisting of how many Sikh sardars? – Eight
In 1787, Lord Cornwallis signed a treaty with the Nawab of the Carnatic. What new restriction was placed on the subsidiary state through this treaty? – They could not have foreign relations.
Under the terms of the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792), the Nizam of Hyderabad acquired the areas from the Krishna river to beyond which other river? – The Pennar
Tipu Sultan became a member of the Jacobin Club at Seringapatam in 1797. What title did he allow himself to be called? – Citizen Tipu
Which Maratha leader, the infant son of the assassinated Narayanrao, was legally recognized as the next peshwa by the Barabhai council? – ‘Sawai’ Madhavrao
Following the suicide of Madhavrao Narayan in 1795, who became the next Peshwa, leading to further dissensions among the Marathas? – Bajirao II
After the death of Mir Fath Ali Khan in 1800, the ‘Char Yar’ divided Sindh among themselves. What does the term ‘Char Yar’ refer to? – Mir Fath’s brothers
The Treaty of ‘Eternal Friendship’ signed in 1809 between the British and the Amirs of Sindh explicitly aimed to exclude which European power from Sindh? – The French
Lord Auckland’s policy to consolidate the British position in Sindh in 1838 was primarily a strategic first step for campaigns directed at which country? – Afghanistan
Who was appointed as the first British governor of Sindh following its annexation in 1843? – Charles Napier
Before Ranjit Singh established his strong Sikh kingdom, he was the son of Mahan Singh, who was the leader of which misl? – Sukarchakiya
By 1805, Maharaja Ranjit Singh had captured Amritsar and which other important northern city? – Jammu
During the First Anglo-Sikh War, British forces successfully occupied Lahore without a fight on which date? – February 20, 1846
Following the dissolution of the Maratha confederacy in 1818, what happened to the position of the Peshwa? – It was abolished entirely.
The Portuguese captures of Mumtaz Mahal’s slave girls contributed to Shah Jahan ordering the siege of Hooghly. On what exact date did this siege begin? – June 24, 1632
In the First Carnatic War, the French forces were aided by a fleet from Mauritius under the command of Admiral La Bourdonnais. Who was the French governor of Mauritius at the time? – Admiral La Bourdonnais
Following his defeat during the Second Carnatic War, Chanda Sahib was forced to surrender in June 1752 while cooped up in which island? – Srirangam
Which ruler of Awadh was known as ‘Burhan-ul-Mulk’ and joined a conspiracy against the Sayyid brothers? – Saadat Khan
The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, which ended the Maratha ambition of ruling over India, was fought against which invader? – Ahmad Shah Abdali
In the 18th century, which state located at the junction of the Eastern and Western Ghats was ruled by the Wodeyars? – Mysore
According to the text, the ship-building industry in 18th-century India flourished significantly on the Kerala coast at Calicut and which other location? – Quilon
Under British educational developments, the ‘Chatuspathis’ or ‘Tols’ were traditional centers for higher education in Sanskrit located primarily in Bihar and which other province? – Bengal
Which early 19th-century uprising in Eastern India was characterized by the equal participation of Hindus and Muslims and is sometimes referred to as the Fakir Rebellion? – The Sanyasi Revolt
The revolt of the Moamarias in 1769 was a severe challenge to the Ahom kings. The Moamarias were followers of which religious teacher? – Aniruddhadeva
In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay secured the ‘izara’ of Gorakhpur and Bahraich for one year at the amount of how many lakh rupees? – 22 lakh rupees
In 1794, the Raja of Vizianagaram, Vizayaramaraju, died in battle fighting the English. The English had demanded that he pay a tribute of what amount? – Three lakh rupees
During the Poligar Rebellion, the fort of Panjalankurichi, which was the stronghold of Veerapandiya Kattabomman, was razed to the ground in what year? – 1801
The Diwan of Travancore, Velu Thampi, initiated a major revolt against the British in 1808. He killed himself to avoid capture after which individual defected to the side of the Company? – The Maharaja of Travancore
The Parlakimedi Outbreak on the western border of Ganjam district involved resistance that was ultimately pacified by George Russell in what year? – 1834

MROY Class

Modern History Set 28

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📌 Anglo-Sikh War

Q.1) During the First Anglo-Sikh War, the Sikh forces suffered five successive defeats. Which of the following locations was NOT one of these battle sites?

Ans > Chillianwala

Context of the War: The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846) was triggered when the Sikh Khalsa army crossed the Sutlej River into British-controlled territory, following a period of deep political instability in Punjab after Maharaja Ranjit Singh’s death.
The Five Battles: The Sikh forces fought fiercely but were defeated in five major engagements: Mudki (December 18, 1845), Ferozeshah (December 21-22, 1845), Baddowal (January 21, 1846), Aliwal (January 28, 1846), and finally, the decisive slaughter at Sobraon (February 10, 1846).
The Battle of Chillianwala: The Battle of Chillianwala was actually fought a few years later during the Second Anglo-Sikh War on January 13, 1849.
Significance of Chillianwala: It was a notoriously bloody and chaotic battle where the British army, led by Lord Gough, suffered devastating casualties, making it one of the toughest and most controversial battles they ever fought in the Indian subcontinent.

📌 Sikh Empire

Q.2) In December 1846, the Treaty of Bhairowal removed Rani Jindan as regent and replaced her with a council of regency consisting of how many Sikh sardars?

Ans > Eight

Dissatisfaction with Lahore Treaty: The Treaty of Bhairowal was forced upon the Sikh Darbar because the British administration in India was deeply dissatisfied with the loose arrangements made in the earlier Treaty of Lahore (March 1846) and wanted tighter control.
Removal of Rani Jindan: Rani Jindan, the mother of the young Maharaja Duleep Singh, was perceived as a threat. She was officially stripped of her powers as Regent and heavily pensioned off (initially receiving 1.5 lakh rupees, though this was later reduced).
The Council of Regency: To govern the vast province of Punjab on behalf of the minor Maharaja, a new Council of Regency was established, comprising exactly eight leading and compliant Sikh Sardars.
British Dominance: Crucially, this eight-member council acted entirely under the strict control and direct guidance of the British Resident, Sir Henry Lawrence, effectively making the British the absolute masters of Punjab without formally annexing it until 1849.

📌 British Treaties

Q.3) In 1787, Lord Cornwallis signed a treaty with the Nawab of the Carnatic. What new restriction was placed on the subsidiary state through this treaty?

Ans > They could not have foreign relations.

Erosion of Sovereignty: The British East India Company gradually eroded the political sovereignty of Indian princes through a complex web of subsidiary alliances and unequal treaties. The 1787 treaty with the Nawab of Carnatic, Muhammad Ali Khan Wallajah, was a crucial step in this systematic process.
Diplomatic Isolation: A major, defining clause of this treaty completely prohibited the Nawab from maintaining any independent political relations, forming alliances, or conducting correspondence with foreign powers or other native Indian states without the explicit, prior consent of the Company.
Financial Burden: It further stipulated that the Nawab had to pay a massive, crippling subsidy (amounting to about nine lakh pagodas annually) strictly for the maintenance of British troops deployed within his territory.
Threat of Direct Rule: In the event of non-payment of this massive subsidy or during times of war, the British legally reserved the right to assume direct civil administration of certain prosperous districts of the Carnatic to violently extract the revenue themselves.

📌 Nizam of Hyderabad

Q.4) Under the terms of the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792), the Nizam of Hyderabad acquired the areas from the Krishna river to beyond which other river?

Ans > The Pennar

End of the War: The harsh Treaty of Seringapatam officially concluded the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792), heavily punishing Tipu Sultan after his capital was besieged. He was forced to cede exactly half of his entire kingdom to the victorious allied forces.
The Nizam’s Reward: The Nizam of Hyderabad, Asaf Jah II, who had opportunistically allied his forces with the British Commander Lord Cornwallis, was richly rewarded with extensive, fertile territories stretching from the Krishna River extending downwards beyond the Pennar River, significantly expanding his southern frontiers.
Maratha and British Gains: Meanwhile, the Marathas received territories reaching up to the Tungabhadra River, while the British directly annexed the highly vital Malabar coast, Dindigul, and Baramahal regions, severely cutting off Tipu’s access to the sea and lucrative trade routes.
Hostages and Indemnity: Beyond land losses, Tipu Sultan was also forced to pay a crippling war indemnity of three crore rupees and surrender two of his young sons as royal hostages to Lord Cornwallis until the debt was fully cleared.

📌 Mysore Kingdom

Q.5) Tipu Sultan became a member of the Jacobin Club at Seringapatam in 1797. What title did he allow himself to be called?

Ans > Citizen Tipu

Global Geopolitics: Tipu Sultan of Mysore was one of the very few Indian rulers who acutely understood the shifting global geopolitical dynamics of the late 18th century. He actively sought military and diplomatic alliances with the French, Ottomans, and Afghans to aggressively counter British expansion in India.
The Jacobin Club in India: In 1797, a group of radical French soldiers and mercenaries serving in his army founded a branch of the Jacobin Club at his capital, Seringapatam, to loudly celebrate the democratic ideals of the ongoing French Revolution (Liberty, Equality, Fraternity).
The Tree of Liberty: Tipu Sultan enthusiastically supported this political initiative, actively participating in their ceremonies. He even planted a “Tree of Liberty” in his capital city to physically symbolize the revolutionary spirit and cement his formal alliance with the French Republic.
Adopting the Title: Embracing the egalitarian ethos of the revolution, he allowed himself to be publicly addressed as “Citizen Tipu,” deliberately discarding his traditional royal and religious titles in this specific context to forge a closer, ideological bond with the French emissaries.

📌 Maratha History

Q.6) Which Maratha leader, the infant son of the assassinated Narayanrao, was legally recognized as the next peshwa by the Barabhai council?

Ans > ‘Sawai’ Madhavrao

The Succession Crisis: The brutal assassination of the young Peshwa Narayanrao in 1773, orchestrated by his ambitious and power-hungry uncle Raghunathrao, plunged the vast Maratha Empire into a severe succession crisis and eventually triggered the First Anglo-Maratha War.
Birth of the Heir: Shortly after the murder, Narayanrao’s widow, Gangabai, gave birth to a posthumous son who was named Madhavrao II. He became commonly known as ‘Sawai’ Madhavrao (meaning ‘Madhavrao the Second’ or symbolically ‘a quarter more than Madhavrao’).
Formation of the Barabhai: To completely prevent the usurper Raghunathrao from seizing the throne, a powerful administrative and military council of twelve prominent Maratha nobles and ministers, famously known as the ‘Barabhai Council,’ was rapidly formed.
Securing the Throne: The Barabhai Council, masterminded by the astute diplomat Nana Phadnavis and heavily supported by the military might of Mahadji Shinde, legally recognized the infant Sawai Madhavrao as the rightful Peshwa, totally outmaneuvering Raghunathrao and forcing him to flee and seek British military help.

📌 Maratha History

Q.7) Following the suicide of Madhavrao Narayan in 1795, who became the next Peshwa, leading to further dissensions among the Marathas?

Ans > Bajirao II

A Suffocating Guardianship: Peshwa Madhavrao Narayan (‘Sawai’ Madhavrao) grew up strictly under the overbearing guardianship and dictatorial political control of his powerful minister, Nana Phadnavis, which eventually caused the young ruler immense psychological distress and feelings of absolute powerlessness.
The Tragic Suicide: In October 1795, deeply depressed by his total lack of real authority and the suffocating, highly manipulative environment of the Pune court, the young Peshwa tragically committed suicide by throwing himself from the high balcony of the Shaniwar Wada palace.
Reigniting the Chaos: His sudden, violent death left the empire with no direct heir, instantly reigniting chaotic, bloody succession struggles among the ambitious Maratha chieftains (Scindias, Holkars, and Bhonsles).
The Rise of Bajirao II: Ultimately, Bajirao II, the son of the previously disgraced Raghunathrao, managed to secure the position of Peshwa in 1796. His reign was marked by extreme incompetence, treachery, and a devastating rivalry with the Holkars, which eventually forced him to sign the humiliating Treaty of Bassein (1802) with the British, effectively signing away Maratha independence forever.

📌 Sindh History

Q.8) After the death of Mir Fath Ali Khan in 1800, the ‘Char Yar’ divided Sindh among themselves. What does the term ‘Char Yar’ refer to?

Ans > Mir Fath’s brothers

Rise of the Talpurs: The warlike Talpur Baloch tribe successfully overthrew the reigning Kalhora dynasty in 1783, establishing their firm rule over the strategic region of Sindh. The undisputed leader of the Talpurs during this conquest was Mir Fath Ali Khan.
A System of Joint Rule: Rather than ruling as an absolute autocrat, Mir Fath Ali Khan established a highly unique system of collective governance by sharing political and military power equally with his three younger brothers: Ghulam Ali, Karam Ali, and Murad Ali.
The “Four Friends”: Because of this unprecedented joint rule and their incredibly close fraternal bond, the four ruling brothers were popularly and affectionately referred to in regional historical texts as the “Char Yar,” which translates literally to the “Four Friends.”
Division After Death: Upon Mir Fath Ali Khan’s death in 1800, rather than fighting a bloody war of single succession, the remaining brothers formally partitioned Sindh into different spheres of influence (Hyderabad, Khairpur, and Mirpur), while still maintaining an outward semblance of unity against external threats from the Afghans, Sikhs, and the encroaching British.

📌 Sindh Annexation

Q.9) The Treaty of ‘Eternal Friendship’ signed in 1809 between the British and the Amirs of Sindh explicitly aimed to exclude which European power from Sindh?

Ans > The French

The Fear of Invasion: In the early 19th century, the British administration in India was gripped by intense “Russophobia” and the very real, terrifying fear of a combined overland military invasion of India by Napoleon Bonaparte of France and Tsar Alexander I of Russia through Persia and Afghanistan.
Diplomatic Missions: To desperately secure their vulnerable north-western frontiers, Governor-General Lord Minto dispatched several urgent diplomatic missions. Nicholas Smith was sent to the Amirs of Sindh to negotiate a binding defensive alliance.
The 1809 Treaty: This active diplomacy resulted in the signing of the Treaty of ‘Eternal Friendship’ in 1809. While sounding benevolent, the most crucial and heavily enforced clause of this treaty was explicitly directed against France.
Creating a Buffer Zone: The Amirs of Sindh officially and legally agreed to completely exclude the French from their territory and promised absolutely not to allow any French merchants, political agents, or military personnel to establish any settlements or even pass through Sindh, thereby creating a vital geographical buffer zone for the British empire in India.

📌 British Expansion

Q.10) Lord Auckland’s policy to consolidate the British position in Sindh in 1838 was primarily a strategic first step for campaigns directed at which country?

Ans > Afghanistan

The “Forward Policy”: Lord Auckland arrived as Governor-General in 1836 with a strict mandate from London to implement a highly aggressive “Forward Policy” to secure the Indian empire against perceived, growing Russian expansionism creeping through Central Asia.
The Afghan Objective: His primary, obsessive objective was to violently replace the independent-minded ruler of Afghanistan, Dost Mohammad, with a compliant British puppet, Shah Shuja. This direct interference led directly to the disastrous First Anglo-Afghan War (1838-1842).
Sindh as a Staging Ground: To launch a massive, multi-pronged invasion into the treacherous terrain of Afghanistan, the British desperately required highly secure logistical routes, massive supply bases, and safe troop staging areas. Sindh, located strategically on the lower Indus river, was the ideal geographical stepping stone.
Coercion of the Amirs: Consequently, Auckland blatantly violated the terms of earlier treaties with the Amirs of Sindh. He ruthlessly coerced them into paying heavy, unjust tributes, accepting a permanent subsidiary military force, and allowing the massive British ‘Army of the Indus’ to march directly through their sovereign territory to attack Kabul.

📌 British Administration

Q.11) Who was appointed as the first British governor of Sindh following its annexation in 1843?

Ans > Charles Napier

The Aggressive Commander: Sir Charles Napier was a ruthless, highly aggressive, and eccentric British military commander who was sent to Sindh in 1842, invested with incredibly broad political and military powers to deal with the local Amirs.
Provoking a Conflict: Despite the Amirs having recently signed deeply humiliating subsidiary treaties and generally attempting to avoid any armed conflict with the superior British forces, Napier deliberately and continuously provoked them, actively seeking a clear pretext to conquer the province entirely for the British Crown.
The “Peccavi” Dispatch: After violently defeating the Amirs’ forces at the decisive battles of Miani and Dubba in 1843, Napier infamously (and perhaps apocryphally) sent a single-word Latin pun dispatch back to his superiors: “Peccavi,” which translates to “I have sinned” (meaning, “I have Sindh”), announcing his unauthorized, total conquest.
The First Governor: Following the formal, highly criticized, and morally questionable annexation of Sindh to the Bombay Presidency in 1843, Charles Napier was heavily rewarded by being appointed as its first British Governor, operating with near-dictatorial, martial-law powers over the newly conquered, vast province.

📌 Sikh Misls

Q.12) Before Ranjit Singh established his strong Sikh kingdom, he was the son of Mahan Singh, who was the leader of which misl?

Ans > Sukarchakiya

The Era of the Misls: In the late 18th century, following the rapid decline of Mughal authority and the destructive invasions of the Afghans, the region of Punjab was heavily fragmented into 12 fiercely independent Sikh military confederacies known as ‘Misls,’ which constantly fought among themselves for territorial supremacy.
Lineage of a King: Maharaja Ranjit Singh, born in 1780, was the ambitious son of Mahan Singh, who was the powerful and deeply respected chieftain of the Sukarchakiya Misl, headquartered around the town of Gujranwala.
Strategic Position: The Sukarchakiya Misl was geographically and strategically located in the fertile tracts between the Ravi and Chenab rivers, providing a solid, wealthy economic and military base for future expansion.
Forging an Empire: Inheriting the heavy burden of leadership at the young age of 12 after his father’s premature death, Ranjit Singh demonstrated exceptional military genius and Machiavellian diplomatic cunning. He brilliantly used the resources of the Sukarchakiya Misl to gradually conquer, absorb, or form strategic matrimonial alliances with the other 11 misls, eventually forging the mighty, unified Sikh Empire.

📌 Maharaja Ranjit Singh

Q.13) By 1805, Maharaja Ranjit Singh had captured Amritsar and which other important northern city?

Ans > Jammu

Capturing the Political Capital: Ranjit Singh’s rapid, aggressive military expansion quickly transformed him from a mere Misl leader to the undisputed Maharaja of Punjab. He achieved his first major milestone by capturing the political capital, Lahore, in 1799 from the rival Bhangi Misl.
Securing the Spiritual Heart: Consolidating his newly acquired political power, he quickly turned his attention to Amritsar, the spiritual and commercial heart of the Sikh religion. In 1802, he successfully annexed Amritsar, taking direct control over the sacred Harmandir Sahib (Golden Temple) and gaining immense, irreplaceable religious legitimacy among the Sikh masses.
Campaigning in the Hills: Not content with just the plains of Punjab, he continued his highly aggressive northern military campaigns, marching his modernized armies into the strategic, difficult hill regions. By 1805, he had successfully subdued the independent Rajput rulers of the hills and captured the highly important city of Jammu.
Economic and Strategic Dominance: The successful capture of both Amritsar and Jammu gave Ranjit Singh absolute control over vital, lucrative trade routes extending to Central Asia and Kashmir, massively boosting the economic resources and tax revenues of his newly formed, expanding empire.

📌 Anglo-Sikh Wars

Q.14) During the First Anglo-Sikh War, British forces successfully occupied Lahore without a fight on which date?

Ans > February 20, 1846

Treachery from Within: The First Anglo-Sikh War (1845-1846) was characterized not only by the incredibly fierce fighting of the Sikh soldiers but also by the immense, devastating treachery of top Sikh commanders like Lal Singh and Tej Singh, who secretly colluded with the British to destroy their own army.
The Slaughter at Sobraon: The brief but brutal war culminated in the incredibly bloody Battle of Sobraon on February 10, 1846. The leaderless, abandoned Sikh Khalsa army fought valiantly in their entrenchments but was eventually crushed by British artillery and driven into the flooded Sutlej river with massive, horrific casualties.
A Broken Military: The devastating, totally decisive defeat at Sobraon completely broke the military backbone of the once-mighty Sikh state. With their main army destroyed or scattered, there was absolutely no organized military resistance left between the advancing British army and the Sikh capital.
The Unopposed Occupation: Consequently, the victorious British forces under the command of Sir Hugh Gough marched rapidly towards the capital and entered Lahore entirely unopposed on February 20, 1846, seizing control of the city and preparing to dictate the harsh, punitive terms of the Treaty of Lahore shortly after.

📌 Maratha Confederacy

Q.15) Following the dissolution of the Maratha confederacy in 1818, what happened to the position of the Peshwa?

Ans > It was abolished entirely.

The Final Conflict: The Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-1818) was the final, desperate, and decisive conflict that permanently extinguished Maratha independence. It began when Peshwa Bajirao II, chafing under British control, launched a surprise, ultimately failed attack on the British Residency in Pune.
Systematic Defeat: Following this uprising, the British armies mobilized massively and systematically hunted down and defeated the various Maratha chieftains (the Peshwa, Holkar, and Bhonsle) in a series of swift, decisive battles, including Khadki, Koregaon, and Mahidpur.
The End of the Peshwaship: After Bajirao II, exhausted and outmaneuvered, finally surrendered to Sir John Malcolm in June 1818, the British implemented a ruthless policy of total political dismantling. The very position and office of the Peshwa, which had functioned as the de facto head of the Maratha Empire for a century, was formally, legally, and permanently abolished.
Exile and Pension: Bajirao II was completely stripped of all his royal and political power, permanently exiled from his capital in Pune to the small town of Bithur (near Kanpur) in northern India, and given an annual pension of eight lakh rupees, bringing an absolute end to Maratha sovereignty in India.

📌 Mughal Era

Q.16) The Portuguese captures of Mumtaz Mahal’s slave girls contributed to Shah Jahan ordering the siege of Hooghly. On what exact date did this siege begin?

Ans > June 24, 1632

Portuguese Presence in Bengal: The Portuguese had established a highly prosperous and heavily fortified trading settlement at Hooghly in Bengal during the reign of Emperor Akbar, but their behavior became increasingly problematic, arrogant, and violent during Shah Jahan’s rule.
Piracy and Forced Conversions: The Portuguese routinely engaged in highly aggressive piracy in the Bay of Bengal, exacted illegal, extortionate tolls on Mughal merchant ships, monopolized the salt trade, and carried out aggressive, forced conversions of the local population to Christianity, deeply angering the imperial court.
The Breaking Point: The absolute breaking point occurred when Portuguese pirates audaciously captured two slave girls belonging directly to Mumtaz Mahal, Shah Jahan’s beloved wife, and brazenly refused to return them despite repeated, direct imperial orders.
The Massive Siege: Enraged by this deep personal insult and their ongoing, blatant abuses of power, Shah Jahan appointed Qasim Khan as the governor of Bengal with strict, uncompromising orders to exterminate the Portuguese presence. The massive military siege of Hooghly officially commenced on June 24, 1632, eventually resulting in the total destruction of the Portuguese settlement and the enslavement of many survivors.

📌 Carnatic Wars

Q.17) In the First Carnatic War, the French forces were aided by a fleet from Mauritius under the command of Admiral La Bourdonnais. Who was the French governor of Mauritius at the time?

Ans > Admiral La Bourdonnais

Global Conflict Spills Over: The First Carnatic War (1746-1748) fought in southern India was actually a direct, violent extension of the much larger War of the Austrian Succession occurring in Europe, pitting the English and French East India Companies against each other in a struggle for commercial supremacy.
Dupleix’s Desperation: Joseph François Dupleix, the highly ambitious but militarily constrained French Governor-General based in Pondicherry, found himself initially outgunned and blockaded by the superior British naval presence on the Coromandel coast and desperately appealed for immediate reinforcements.
Arrival of the Governor-Admiral: Crucial help arrived in the form of Admiral Bertrand-François Mahé de La Bourdonnais, who was remarkably serving simultaneously as both a highly capable naval commander and the official French Governor of the Isle de France (modern Mauritius) and the Isle de Bourbon (Réunion).
Victory and Disagreement: La Bourdonnais arrived with a hastily assembled but powerful naval squadron, defeated the English fleet, and successfully captured the major British settlement of Madras in 1746. However, severe strategic and personal disagreements between him and Dupleix over whether to ransom Madras back to the British ultimately hampered long-term French success in the war.

📌 Carnatic Wars

Q.18) Following his defeat during the Second Carnatic War, Chanda Sahib was forced to surrender in June 1752 while cooped up in which island?

Ans > Srirangam

The War of Succession: The Second Carnatic War (1749-1754) centered heavily on the bloody succession disputes in both Hyderabad and the Carnatic. In the Carnatic, the French aggressively supported the claimant Chanda Sahib, while the British backed his rival, Muhammad Ali.
The Turning Point at Arcot: After Robert Clive’s brilliant, highly daring diversionary capture and subsequent legendary defense of the fort of Arcot in 1751, the military momentum in the region dramatically and permanently shifted in favor of the British and their native allies.
The Siege of Trichinopoly: Chanda Sahib and his French military contingents, commanded by Jacques Law, were eventually surrounded, cut off from supplies, and besieged at Trichinopoly by a massive, combined force of British troops, Maratha cavalry, and Mysorean infantry.
Surrender and Execution: Running entirely out of supplies and strategic options, Chanda Sahib fled to the heavily fortified island temple complex of Srirangam, located between the Kaveri and Kollidam rivers. In June 1752, facing total starvation and mutiny within his ranks, he was forced to surrender to the commander of the Tanjore forces, who promptly executed him, effectively ending the French dream of directly controlling the Carnatic.

📌 Awadh State

Q.19) Which ruler of Awadh was known as ‘Burhan-ul-Mulk’ and joined a conspiracy against the Sayyid brothers?

Ans > Saadat Khan

Rise of an Irani Noble: Saadat Khan, an ambitious Irani nobleman whose original name was Mir Muhammad Amin, steadily rose to political and military prominence during the chaotic, rapidly declining reign of the Mughal Emperor Muhammad Shah in the early 18th century.
Overthrowing the Kingmakers: He played a central, highly secretive, and decisive role in the successful imperial conspiracy to assassinate Husain Ali Khan and overthrow the immensely powerful Sayyid brothers, who had acted as ruthless kingmakers and effectively controlled the Mughal throne for years.
Rewarded with a Province: As a grand reward for his crucial loyalty, military service, and role in freeing the Emperor, Muhammad Shah bestowed upon him the highly prestigious title of ‘Burhan-ul-Mulk’ (meaning ‘Proof of the Empire’) and appointed him as the Subahdar (Governor) of the wealthy, fertile province of Awadh in 1722.
Founding a Dynasty: Once in Awadh, Saadat Khan rapidly and brutally pacified the rebellious local zamindars, reformed the chaotic revenue extraction system, and gradually asserted his independence from Delhi, thereby founding the powerful, culturally rich, and autonomous Nawabi dynasty of Awadh, which ruled until the controversial British annexation in 1856.

📌 Battle of Panipat

Q.20) The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, which ended the Maratha ambition of ruling over India, was fought against which invader?

Ans > Ahmad Shah Abdali

The Clash of Empires: By the mid-18th century, the Maratha Empire had expanded its control deep into northern India, including reaching the borders of Punjab. This aggressive expansion directly challenged the territorial claims and authority of the powerful Afghan ruler, Ahmad Shah Abdali (also known as Durrani).
Abdali’s Formidable Coalition: In response to the Maratha threat, Abdali formed a formidable, highly motivated Islamic coalition. He successfully allied with the fierce Rohilla Afghans of the Doab region and crucially secured the support of Shuja-ud-Daula, the powerful and wealthy Nawab of Awadh, to decisively halt the Maratha expansion.
Maratha Weaknesses: The massive Maratha expeditionary army, led by Sadashivrao Bhau, suffered from severely overextended and vulnerable supply lines, a total lack of crucial alliances with North Indian Rajput or Jat rulers (who had been alienated by Maratha taxation), and deep internal dissensions regarding whether to use traditional guerrilla tactics or European-style pitched battles.
The Catastrophic Defeat: The massive, bloody clash occurred on January 14, 1761. The Marathas, surrounded and starving, suffered a complete military catastrophe, losing tens of thousands of elite soldiers and their top commanders. This horrific defeat permanently shattered the myth of Maratha invincibility, cleared the way for the eventual rise of British power, and temporarily restored Afghan influence in the north.

📌 South India

Q.21) In the 18th century, which state located at the junction of the Eastern and Western Ghats was ruled by the Wodeyars?

Ans > Mysore

Origins of the Dynasty: The Wodeyar (or Wadiyar) dynasty was an ancient, highly respected Hindu royal family that established its rule over the Kingdom of Mysore in the late 14th century, initially operating as loyal feudatories to the mighty Vijayanagara Empire.
Expansion After Vijayanagara: After the catastrophic fall of the Vijayanagara Empire at the Battle of Talikota in 1565, the Wodeyars declared their total independence and steadily expanded their territory in southern India, capitalizing on the resulting political vacuum.
Decline into Figureheads: By the mid-18th century, the once-powerful Wodeyar kings had been gradually reduced to mere ceremonial figureheads confined to their palaces, while real political, administrative, and military power was entirely usurped by their ambitious and highly capable hereditary military commanders, known as the Dalwayis (specifically the brothers Nanjaraj and Devaraj).
The Rise of Haidar Ali: It was from this chaotic, highly factionalized environment that Haidar Ali, an illiterate but brilliant cavalry officer, rose rapidly through the ranks. In 1761, he completely sidelined the reigning Wodeyar king, Krishnaraja Wodeyar II, establishing himself as the de facto, absolute ruler of Mysore and transforming it into a major, modernized military power that posed the greatest single threat to the British East India Company.

📌 Economy

Q.22) According to the text, the ship-building industry in 18th-century India flourished significantly on the Kerala coast at Calicut and which other location?

Ans > Quilon

Pre-Colonial Industrial Might: In the 18th century, prior to the aggressive, highly destructive deindustrialization policies imposed later by the British East India Company, India possessed a highly advanced, globally competitive, and technically superior maritime shipbuilding industry.
The Advantage of the Malabar Coast: The Malabar Coast of Kerala, heavily endowed with vast, easily accessible reserves of high-quality, incredibly durable teak wood and coir (for making strong ropes), naturally emerged as the primary, bustling hub for constructing massive ocean-going vessels.
Calicut and Quilon: The historic port cities of Calicut (Kozhikode) and Quilon (Kollam) were renowned, busy international centers where highly skilled indigenous artisans built ships using traditional techniques that were often stronger, more durable, and significantly cheaper to produce than their European counterparts.
European Preference for Indian Ships: Historical naval records clearly indicate that British private merchants, the East India Company, and even the British Royal Navy frequently preferred purchasing or commissioning Indian-built teak ships from these Kerala ports because they completely outlasted European oak ships, remaining seaworthy and resistant to rot for decades longer in the harsh tropical waters.

📌 Education

Q.23) Under British educational developments, the ‘Chatuspathis’ or ‘Tols’ were traditional centers for higher education in Sanskrit located primarily in Bihar and which other province?

Ans > Bengal

Pre-Colonial Education System: Before the widespread introduction of the modern English education system by the British (which was formally codified by Macaulay’s famous Minute in 1835), higher education in India was predominantly religious, classical, and highly localized in nature.
Centers of Hindu Learning: For the Hindu population, elite higher learning was conducted in specialized, traditional Sanskrit centers known regionally as ‘Chatuspathis’ or, more commonly, ‘Tols’.
Concentration in the East: These traditional institutions were most heavily concentrated and flourished primarily in the eastern provinces of Bengal and Bihar. The Tols located in the Nadia district of Bengal were particularly famous and highly respected across the entire subcontinent for their rigorous, uncompromising curriculum.
The Traditional Curriculum: The curriculum taught in these Tols was strictly traditional and conservative, focusing intensively on subjects like complex Sanskrit grammar, classical literature, advanced logic (Nyaya), Hindu law (Smriti), and philosophy (Darshana), while remaining largely isolated from the modern scientific, industrial, and rationalist developments occurring simultaneously in Europe.

📌 Popular Uprisings

Q.24) Which early 19th-century uprising in Eastern India was characterized by the equal participation of Hindus and Muslims and is sometimes referred to as the Fakir Rebellion?

Ans > The Sanyasi Revolt

A Major Anti-British Uprising: The Sanyasi Revolt (spanning roughly from 1763 to 1800) was one of the earliest, most prolonged, and most significant anti-British popular uprisings in Bengal. It was later famously immortalized and highly romanticized in Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s influential nationalist novel, ‘Anandamath’.
Remarkable Communal Unity: It was a highly unique, massive popular rebellion characterized by the close, seamless cooperation and equal, active participation of both Hindu ascetics (Sanyasis, mostly belonging to the militant Dasnami order) and Muslim mendicants (Fakirs, primarily followers of the Madari order).
Root Causes of the Rebellion: The root cause of the violence was the disastrous, highly exploitative economic policies of the East India Company following their acquisition of Diwani rights, compounded terribly by the horrific Bengal Famine of 1770, which devastated the peasantry and destroyed the traditional rural economy.
Guerrilla Warfare against the Company: When the British authorities brutally banned these wandering holy men from collecting traditional alms and customary taxes from the villages, the Sanyasis and Fakirs armed themselves, joined forces with starving, displaced peasants, disbanded native soldiers, and ruined local zamindars, and waged a brutal, highly effective guerrilla war against Company forces and their treasuries for decades.

📌 Regional Revolts

Q.25) The revolt of the Moamarias in 1769 was a severe challenge to the Ahom kings. The Moamarias were followers of which religious teacher?

Ans > Aniruddhadeva

A Devastating Peasant Uprising: The Moamaria rebellion (spanning from 1769 to 1805) was a massive, highly devastating, and protracted peasant uprising in Assam that severely weakened the foundations of the mighty Ahom dynasty and eventually facilitated the destructive Burmese invasions and subsequent British annexation.
Demographics of the Rebels: The Moamarias were predominantly low-caste peasants, artisans, and marginalized indigenous groups who belonged to the Mayamara Sattra (a specific branch of Vaishnavite monasteries in Assam).
Teachings of Aniruddhadeva: They were deeply devoted followers of the egalitarian, highly inclusive teachings of Aniruddhadeva. He was a powerful religious reformer who preached a form of Vaishnavism that vehemently rejected the rigid, oppressive caste hierarchy heavily enforced by the Ahom state apparatus and the orthodox Brahmin priesthood.
Persecution leading to Revolt: Facing severe, institutionalized religious persecution, the imposition of backbreaking forced labor (the ‘Paik’ system), and extreme social discrimination from the Ahom kings, the Moamarias rose in a violent, highly synchronized revolt. They were so successful that they temporarily captured the Ahom capital, forcing the desperate King to beg the British for military assistance to merely survive on the throne.

📌 Revenue Policies

Q.26) In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay secured the ‘izara’ of Gorakhpur and Bahraich for one year at the amount of how many lakh rupees?

Ans > 22 lakh rupees

The Evils of Revenue Farming: In the late 18th century, the British East India Company increasingly relied on the highly exploitative and ruinous ‘Izaredari’ (revenue farming) system to rapidly extract maximum cash from the Indian countryside to fund their constant military campaigns and lucrative trade investments.
Major Hannay’s Corrupt Deal: In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay, an extremely corrupt and ruthless British military officer acting as a tax collection agent for the Nawab of Awadh (who was deeply indebted to the Company), secured the revenue farming rights (izara) for the large, wealthy districts of Gorakhpur and Bahraich.
An Exorbitant Bid: Hannay aggressively bid and successfully secured this contract for an astronomically high, highly unrealistic, and impossible-to-meet amount of 22 lakh rupees for a single year of tax collection.
Reign of Terror and Rebellion: To desperately collect this massive sum and ensure his own massive personal profit, Hannay unleashed a horrific reign of terror. He employed brutal military force, systemic torture, and extreme extortion against the local zamindars, cultivators, and merchants. This extreme, unbearable oppression directly triggered massive, widespread armed revolts across the districts, severely destabilizing the entire region and requiring military suppression.

📌 Anti-British Resistance

Q.27) In 1794, the Raja of Vizianagaram, Vizayaramaraju, died in battle fighting the English. The English had demanded that he pay a tribute of what amount?

Ans > Three lakh rupees

Disarming Local Powers: The English East India Company constantly and systematically sought to disarm local, independent Indian chieftains and reduce them to the lowly status of mere revenue collectors to eliminate any potential military threat to their growing dominance.
Confrontation in the Northern Circars: In the Northern Circars region, the Company aggressively confronted Vizayaramaraju, the powerful, highly respected, and fiercely independent-minded Raja of Vizianagaram, seeking to break his power.
Unjust Demands: The British authorities arbitrarily demanded that the Raja immediately pay a massive, exorbitant, and completely unjustified tribute of exactly three lakh rupees. Furthermore, they commanded him to completely disband his large, well-trained personal army, effectively demanding his unconditional surrender of sovereignty.
The Battle of Padmanabham: Viewing these harsh demands as a gross, unacceptable insult to his royal honor and independence, the Raja completely refused to submit. He courageously mobilized his forces and fought a heroic but ultimately doomed battle against the technologically superior British military at Padmanabham in 1794. He died valiantly on the battlefield alongside his most loyal soldiers rather than submitting to British dictates.

📌 Poligar Rebellion

Q.28) During the Poligar Rebellion, the fort of Panjalankurichi, which was the stronghold of Veerapandiya Kattabomman, was razed to the ground in what year?

Ans > 1801

The Poligar Resistance: The Poligar (Palayakkarar) rebellions in southern India (primarily in modern Tamil Nadu) were a fierce, protracted, and incredibly bloody series of wars fought by local chieftains resisting the East India Company’s attempts to forcefully usurp their traditional rights to collect taxes and administer justice.
The Legend of Kattabomman: Veerapandiya Kattabomman, the courageous and defiant Poligar of Panjalankurichi, emerged as a legendary, enduring symbol of anti-British resistance, refusing to pay any tribute and openly, violently challenging British authority in the region.
The Second Poligar War: After Kattabomman was captured through cruel betrayal and publicly, illegally hanged in 1799, a massive Second Poligar War erupted, led furiously by his brother Oomaithurai and a large coalition of other allied, disgruntled chieftains.
Destruction of the Fort: The British utilized overwhelming, brutal military force to finally crush this massive rebellion in 1801. To ensure the Poligars could never rise again, the British systematically executed the remaining leaders, permanently confiscated their estates, completely disarmed the local population, and entirely razed their formidable strongholds, most notably completely obliterating the Panjalankurichi fort so that no trace remained.

📌 Travancore Revolt

Q.29) The Diwan of Travancore, Velu Thampi, initiated a major revolt against the British in 1808. He killed himself to avoid capture after which individual defected to the side of the Company?

Ans > The Maharaja of Travancore

A Diwan’s Rebellion: Velu Thampi Dalawa, the highly capable and fiercely patriotic Diwan (Prime Minister) of the Kingdom of Travancore, initiated a massive armed rebellion against the encroaching power of the British East India Company in 1808.
Causes of the Revolt: The revolt was sparked by the aggressive, overbearing, and highly insulting interference of the British Resident, Colin Macaulay, in the internal administration of the state and the heavy, unjust financial burdens imposed upon Travancore through the restrictive subsidiary alliance system.
The Kundara Proclamation: Velu Thampi famously issued the ‘Kundara Proclamation’ in early 1809, an impassioned public document calling upon all the people of Kerala to rise up and completely expel the British from Indian soil, rallying a large, highly motivated force of Nair soldiers and local militia.
Betrayal and Tragic End: Despite initial military successes and widespread popular support, the rebellion was tragically doomed when the Maharaja of Travancore, frightened by the advancing British armies and seeking to save his own throne, selfishly defected to the Company’s side. Betrayed and totally isolated by his own king, Velu Thampi committed suicide in the Mannadi jungle rather than suffer the extreme humiliation of capture and execution by the British.

📌 Parlakimedi Outbreak

Q.30) The Parlakimedi Outbreak on the western border of Ganjam district involved resistance that was ultimately pacified by George Russell in what year?

Ans > 1834

A Persistent Challenge: The protracted tribal and zamindari uprisings in the Ganjam district (located on the modern-day Odisha/Andhra border) were among the most persistent, difficult, and frustrating challenges to British rule in eastern India during the early 19th century.
Complex Roots of Unrest: The deep-seated unrest in the Parlakimedi estate was rooted in complex, ongoing succession disputes among the local royal family, severe economic grievances caused by harsh, uncompromising British revenue policies, and the innate hostility of the local tribal populations towards outside administrative interference.
Decades of Guerrilla War: Between the years 1813 and 1834, the entire region was in a state of near-constant, chaotic rebellion, with local leaders and tribal fighters engaging in highly effective, elusive guerrilla warfare from the dense forests and rugged hills, constantly harassing British troops.
Russell’s Pacification: The situation eventually became so critical that the Madras government appointed George Russell as a Special Commissioner with sweeping martial law powers. Through a highly controversial combination of brutal military suppression, summary executions of rebel leaders, and aggressive pacification campaigns burning rebel villages, Russell finally managed to violently crush the Parlakimedi outbreak in 1834.

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 28

Sikh Empire & Anglo-Sikh Wars: Rise under Ranjit Singh, the Sukarchakiya misl, treaties (Bhairowal), and eventual defeat leading to British annexation.
Mysore & Carnatic Treaties: Lord Cornwallis’ strict 1787 treaty terms, Treaty of Seringapatam, and Tipu Sultan’s Jacobin ties.
Maratha Confederacy: Succession disputes post-Narayanrao, the installation of ‘Sawai’ Madhavrao, Bajirao II’s failures, and final abolition of the Peshwaship in 1818.
Conquest of Sindh: Division by ‘Char Yar’, treaties to exclude the French, Auckland’s strategic use for the Afghan war, and annexation under Charles Napier.
Carnatic & Regional Conflicts: French naval involvement (Admiral La Bourdonnais), Chanda Sahib’s surrender, and Awadh’s establishment by Saadat Khan.
Popular Rebellions: The Sanyasi and Fakir revolts, the Moamaria uprising against the Ahoms, and resistance by local rulers over heavy British exactions (Vizianagaram, Poligars, Velu Thampi, Parlakimedi).

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Modern History Set 28

Q.1) During the First Anglo-Sikh War, the Sikh forces suffered five successive defeats. Which of the following locations was NOT one of these battle sites?

Q.2) In December 1846, the Treaty of Bhairowal removed Rani Jindan as regent and replaced her with a council of regency consisting of how many Sikh sardars?

Q.3) In 1787, Lord Cornwallis signed a treaty with the Nawab of the Carnatic. What new restriction was placed on the subsidiary state through this treaty?

Q.4) Under the terms of the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792), the Nizam of Hyderabad acquired the areas from the Krishna river to beyond which other river?

Q.5) Tipu Sultan became a member of the Jacobin Club at Seringapatam in 1797. What title did he allow himself to be called?

Q.6) Which Maratha leader, the infant son of the assassinated Narayanrao, was legally recognized as the next peshwa by the Barabhai council?

Q.7) Following the suicide of Madhavrao Narayan in 1795, who became the next Peshwa, leading to further dissensions among the Marathas?

Q.8) After the death of Mir Fath Ali Khan in 1800, the ‘Char Yar’ divided Sindh among themselves. What does the term ‘Char Yar’ refer to?

Q.9) The Treaty of ‘Eternal Friendship’ signed in 1809 between the British and the Amirs of Sindh explicitly aimed to exclude which European power from Sindh?

Q.10) Lord Auckland’s policy to consolidate the British position in Sindh in 1838 was primarily a strategic first step for campaigns directed at which country?

Q.11) Who was appointed as the first British governor of Sindh following its annexation in 1843?

Q.12) Before Ranjit Singh established his strong Sikh kingdom, he was the son of Mahan Singh, who was the leader of which misl?

Q.13) By 1805, Maharaja Ranjit Singh had captured Amritsar and which other important northern city?

Q.14) During the First Anglo-Sikh War, British forces successfully occupied Lahore without a fight on which date?

Q.15) Following the dissolution of the Maratha confederacy in 1818, what happened to the position of the Peshwa?

Q.16) The Portuguese captures of Mumtaz Mahal’s slave girls contributed to Shah Jahan ordering the siege of Hooghly. On what exact date did this siege begin?

Q.17) In the First Carnatic War, the French forces were aided by a fleet from Mauritius under the command of Admiral La Bourdonnais. Who was the French governor of Mauritius at the time?

Q.18) Following his defeat during the Second Carnatic War, Chanda Sahib was forced to surrender in June 1752 while cooped up in which island?

Q.19) Which ruler of Awadh was known as ‘Burhan-ul-Mulk’ and joined a conspiracy against the Sayyid brothers?

Q.20) The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, which ended the Maratha ambition of ruling over India, was fought against which invader?

Q.21) In the 18th century, which state located at the junction of the Eastern and Western Ghats was ruled by the Wodeyars?

Q.22) According to the text, the ship-building industry in 18th-century India flourished significantly on the Kerala coast at Calicut and which other location?

Q.23) Under British educational developments, the ‘Chatuspathis’ or ‘Tols’ were traditional centers for higher education in Sanskrit located primarily in Bihar and which other province?

Q.24) Which early 19th-century uprising in Eastern India was characterized by the equal participation of Hindus and Muslims and is sometimes referred to as the Fakir Rebellion?

Q.25) The revolt of the Moamarias in 1769 was a severe challenge to the Ahom kings. The Moamarias were followers of which religious teacher?

Q.26) In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay secured the ‘izara’ of Gorakhpur and Bahraich for one year at the amount of how many lakh rupees?

Q.27) In 1794, the Raja of Vizianagaram, Vizayaramaraju, died in battle fighting the English. The English had demanded that he pay a tribute of what amount?

Q.28) During the Poligar Rebellion, the fort of Panjalankurichi, which was the stronghold of Veerapandiya Kattabomman, was razed to the ground in what year?

Q.29) The Diwan of Travancore, Velu Thampi, initiated a major revolt against the British in 1808. He killed himself to avoid capture after which individual defected to the side of the Company?

Q.30) The Parlakimedi Outbreak on the western border of Ganjam district involved resistance that was ultimately pacified by George Russell in what year?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 28

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Q.1) During the First Anglo-Sikh War, the Sikh forces suffered five successive defeats. Which of the following locations was NOT one of these battle sites?

Q.2) In December 1846, the Treaty of Bhairowal removed Rani Jindan as regent and replaced her with a council of regency consisting of how many Sikh sardars?

Q.3) In 1787, Lord Cornwallis signed a treaty with the Nawab of the Carnatic. What new restriction was placed on the subsidiary state through this treaty?

Q.4) Under the terms of the Treaty of Seringapatam (1792), the Nizam of Hyderabad acquired the areas from the Krishna river to beyond which other river?

Q.5) Tipu Sultan became a member of the Jacobin Club at Seringapatam in 1797. What title did he allow himself to be called?

Q.6) Which Maratha leader, the infant son of the assassinated Narayanrao, was legally recognized as the next peshwa by the Barabhai council?

Q.7) Following the suicide of Madhavrao Narayan in 1795, who became the next Peshwa, leading to further dissensions among the Marathas?

Q.8) After the death of Mir Fath Ali Khan in 1800, the ‘Char Yar’ divided Sindh among themselves. What does the term ‘Char Yar’ refer to?

Q.9) The Treaty of ‘Eternal Friendship’ signed in 1809 between the British and the Amirs of Sindh explicitly aimed to exclude which European power from Sindh?

Q.10) Lord Auckland’s policy to consolidate the British position in Sindh in 1838 was primarily a strategic first step for campaigns directed at which country?

Q.11) Who was appointed as the first British governor of Sindh following its annexation in 1843?

Q.12) Before Ranjit Singh established his strong Sikh kingdom, he was the son of Mahan Singh, who was the leader of which misl?

Q.13) By 1805, Maharaja Ranjit Singh had captured Amritsar and which other important northern city?

Q.14) During the First Anglo-Sikh War, British forces successfully occupied Lahore without a fight on which date?

Q.15) Following the dissolution of the Maratha confederacy in 1818, what happened to the position of the Peshwa?

Q.16) The Portuguese captures of Mumtaz Mahal’s slave girls contributed to Shah Jahan ordering the siege of Hooghly. On what exact date did this siege begin?

Q.17) In the First Carnatic War, the French forces were aided by a fleet from Mauritius under the command of Admiral La Bourdonnais. Who was the French governor of Mauritius at the time?

Q.18) Following his defeat during the Second Carnatic War, Chanda Sahib was forced to surrender in June 1752 while cooped up in which island?

Q.19) Which ruler of Awadh was known as ‘Burhan-ul-Mulk’ and joined a conspiracy against the Sayyid brothers?

Q.20) The Third Battle of Panipat in 1761, which ended the Maratha ambition of ruling over India, was fought against which invader?

Q.21) In the 18th century, which state located at the junction of the Eastern and Western Ghats was ruled by the Wodeyars?

Q.22) According to the text, the ship-building industry in 18th-century India flourished significantly on the Kerala coast at Calicut and which other location?

Q.23) Under British educational developments, the ‘Chatuspathis’ or ‘Tols’ were traditional centers for higher education in Sanskrit located primarily in Bihar and which other province?

Q.24) Which early 19th-century uprising in Eastern India was characterized by the equal participation of Hindus and Muslims and is sometimes referred to as the Fakir Rebellion?

Q.25) The revolt of the Moamarias in 1769 was a severe challenge to the Ahom kings. The Moamarias were followers of which religious teacher?

Q.26) In 1781, Major Alexander Hannay secured the ‘izara’ of Gorakhpur and Bahraich for one year at the amount of how many lakh rupees?

Q.27) In 1794, the Raja of Vizianagaram, Vizayaramaraju, died in battle fighting the English. The English had demanded that he pay a tribute of what amount?

Q.28) During the Poligar Rebellion, the fort of Panjalankurichi, which was the stronghold of Veerapandiya Kattabomman, was razed to the ground in what year?

Q.29) The Diwan of Travancore, Velu Thampi, initiated a major revolt against the British in 1808. He killed himself to avoid capture after which individual defected to the side of the Company?

Q.30) The Parlakimedi Outbreak on the western border of Ganjam district involved resistance that was ultimately pacified by George Russell in what year?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 28

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

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