Medieval History Set 45
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📌 Quick Summary — Medieval History Set 45
- Law & Administration: Zawabit were secular state laws and decrees supplementing the Sharia in the Delhi Sultanate and Mughal Empire.
- Rebellions: Rajaram Jat sacked Akbar’s tomb in Sikandra in 1688 to avenge his predecessor’s death.
- Foreign Accounts: Nicolo Conti, an Italian merchant, provided detailed accounts of Vijayanagara under Deva Raya I (1420).
- Sufi Literature: Maktubat refers to the vital historical compiled letters written by Sufi masters.
- Maratha Leadership: Tarabai heroically led the Maratha resistance after the death of her husband Rajaram in 1700.
- Mughal Intelligence: The Daroga-i-Dak Chauki headed the imperial postal and intelligence system.
- Bhakti Movement: Ramananda democratized the movement by shifting from Sanskrit to local Hindi.
- Architecture: The “Swinging Palace” or Hindola Mahal in Mandu is famous for its heavily sloped outer walls.
- Medieval Economy: Sarrafs were key money-changers and bankers who issued Hundis (bills of exchange).
- Delhi Sultanate: Iltutmish achieved supreme legal legitimacy in 1229 via a Mansur from the Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad.
- Mughal Justice: Jahangir installed a golden “Chain of Justice” at the Agra Fort.
- Rajput Resistance: Rana Udai Singh II retreated to the hills during Akbar’s 1567-68 Chittorgarh siege, leaving Jaimal and Patta to defend.
- European Misconceptions: Francois Bernier falsely claimed the Mughal Emperor owned all land, negating private agrarian property rights.
- Strategic Foundations: Sikandar Lodi founded Agra in 1504 to monitor turbulent Rajput chieftains.
- Battles: Prithviraj Chauhan led the Rajput coalition that defeated Muizzuddin Muhammad Ghori at the First Battle of Tarain (1191).
- Maratha Legitimacy: Gaga Bhatt (Vishveshwar) officiated Shivaji’s sovereign coronation at Raigad in 1674.
- Expansions: Akbar annexed Kashmir from the Chak Dynasty in 1586.
- Arts & Culture: Swami Haridas, a legendary ascetic who rejected court patronage, was the guru of Mughal musician Tansen.
- Mughal Decline: Bahadur Shah I was mocked as Shah-i-Bekhabar (The Heedless King) for his reckless grants.
- European Rivalries: The Battle of Wandiwash (1760) effectively broke French political and military power in India.
- Mughal Rebellions: Prince Khusrau rebelled against his father, Jahangir, in 1606.
- Administrative Patents: A Sanad was the formal imperial mandate validating a noble’s Jagir assignment.
- Maratha Expansion: Bajirao I’s forces captured the heavily fortified Portuguese stronghold of Bassein (Vasai) in 1739.
- Trade & Logistics: Bajras were large, flat-bottomed boats used for transport and travel on the Ganges and Yamuna.
- Royal Correspondence: The Ruqaat-i-Alamgiri is a fascinating collection of Aurangzeb’s stern and instructive letters.
- Regional States: Afghan Rohillas founded the independent 18th-century state of Rohilkhand.
- Mughal Court: Faizi, brother to Abul Fazl, served as Akbar’s brilliant Poet Laureate.
- Sufi Practices: Sama was the Chishti practice of musical spiritual gatherings to induce ecstasy.
- Maratha Infantry: The Mavalis were fierce, agile hillmen forming the backbone of Shivaji’s infantry.
- British Rise: Emperor Farrukh Siyar issued the massive 1717 farman granting the EIC duty-free trading rights in Bengal.
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