Following the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West, city life virtually disappeared in Western Europe between the sixth and tenth centuries. According to the text, what was a primary economic cause for this decline?

The absence of gold, which the Romans had previously obtained from Africa for trade.

The famous Venetian traveler Marco Polo visited the court of Kublai Khan in China. According to the text, what was one of his primary motivations for this journey?

To breach the Arab monopoly of Europe's trade with China.

Al-Masudi also noted that the "army of the north" of the Pratihara king (al-Juzr) was specifically engaged in fighting against which opponent?

The ruler of Multan and other Muslims

In the Rashtrakuta kingdom, what specific percentage of the revenue collection was given to the village sub-committees that managed local schools, tanks, and roads?

A percentage of the revenue collection (exact figure not specified)

Medieval History Set 12 | MROY Class

Medieval History Set 12 Questions & Answers

Following the collapse of the Roman Empire in the West, city life virtually disappeared in Western Europe between the sixth and tenth centuries. According to the text, what was a primary economic cause for this decline? – The absence of gold, which the Romans had previously obtained from Africa for trade.
The text mentions that between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, Western Europe attained a high level of prosperity with the growth of science and universities. Which two Italian cities are specifically noted for establishing universities during this time? – Padua and Milan
In the European feudal system, what term was used to describe a peasant who worked on the land but could not change his profession, migrate, or marry without the permission of his master? – Serf
In addition to the iron stirrup, what other specific invention mentioned in the text enabled the growth of cavalry warfare in Europe by doubling the amount of load a horse could pull? – A new type of harness
During the medieval period in Europe, various monastic orders were established. Which specific order is mentioned in the text as serving the needy and the poor? – The Franciscans
The Arab merchants emerged as the most enterprising seafarers of their time, utilizing a currency of trade that became globally accepted. What were their gold and silver coins called, respectively? – Dinar and Dirham
The decimal system of mathematics, which developed in India in the fifth century, was introduced to Europe in the twelfth century. According to the text, who introduced it to Europe? – A monk named Abelard
A famous Sanskrit literary work was translated into Arabic and subsequently formed the basis of Aesop’s Fables in the West. What was its Arabic title? – Kalila wa Dimma
The famous Venetian traveler Marco Polo visited the court of Kublai Khan in China. According to the text, what was one of his primary motivations for this journey? – To breach the Arab monopoly of Europe’s trade with China.
The Mongol rulers established one of the largest empires in East Asia, overrunning regions such as Tonkin and Annam. What modern-day country do Tonkin and Annam correspond to? – Vietnam
A ninth-century Arab writer noted the massive scale of the Sailendra dynasty (Sri Vijaya empire). To illustrate its size, he claimed that the fastest vessel could not complete a round trip of the empire in less than: – Two years
In the eleventh century, the powerful Sri Vijaya empire in Southeast Asia was replaced by which subsequent empire? – The Majapahit Empire
The Kambuja empire, which built the magnificent temples near Angkor Thom, extended over Cambodia and Annam after replacing which older Hinduized kingdom? – Funan
The text mentions that many Indian traders traveled overland to the South China Sea from a specific port in the Malaya peninsula. What was the name of this port? – Takkala
Before the rise of the Palas and Pratiharas, which ruler of Kashmir brought the Punjab under his control, controlled Kanauj, and even invaded Bengal (Gaud)? – Lalitaditya
Gopala founded the Pala empire around AD 750 after being elected to end the prevailing anarchy. According to the text, what was his father’s probable background? – A soldier
The Arab merchant Sulaiman wrote about the Pala kingdom, which he called “Ruhma”. To illustrate the scale of the Pala military, he claimed that 10,000 to 15,000 men in the army were solely employed in doing what? – Fulling and washing clothes
Prior to capturing Kanauj, the Pratiharas established their early capital at which location? – Bhinmal
The Baghdad traveler Al-Masudi described the vast Pratihara empire of al-Juzr (Gurjara). He stated the king’s army had four divisions, each containing how many men? – 7,00,000 to 9,00,000
Al-Masudi also noted that the “army of the north” of the Pratihara king (al-Juzr) was specifically engaged in fighting against which opponent? – The ruler of Multan and other Muslims
Which Rashtrakuta king, who successfully invaded North India in about 963 and defeated the Pratihara ruler, was also responsible for defeating the Chola king Parantaka I in 949? – Krishna III
The Rashtrakuta empire, which lasted for almost two hundred years, finally came to an end after its capital, Malkhed, was sacked and burnt in which year? – AD 972
The Rashtrakuta court was a patron of various languages, including apabhramsha. Which great apabhramsha poet and his son are believed to have lived at the Rashtrakuta court? – Svayambhu
In the administrative structure of the Pala and Pratihara empires, the unit directly below the visaya (district) was known as the: – Pattala
In the Rashtrakuta empire, the directly administered areas were divided into hierarchical units. Which of the following represents the correct descending order of these units? – Rashtra, Visaya, Bhukti
Although princesses were rarely appointed to government posts, the text highlights an exception where a Rashtrakuta princess administered the Raichur doab for some time. What was her name? – Chandrobalabbe
In the central administration of these three empires (Pala, Pratihara, Rashtrakuta), which state official was notably exempted from the expectation of leading military campaigns? – The Purohita
In the Rashtrakuta kingdom, law and order in the towns and their immediate vicinity was the responsibility of an official known as the: – Koshta pala (or kotwal)
The infantry in the Pala empire was drawn from diverse regions across India. According to the text, Pala soldiers were recruited from Malwa, Khasa (Assam), Karnataka, and which area of South Gujarat? – Lata
In the Rashtrakuta kingdom, what specific percentage of the revenue collection was given to the village sub-committees that managed local schools, tanks, and roads? – A percentage of the revenue collection (exact figure not specified)

MROY Class

Medieval History Set 12

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📌 Quick Summary — Medieval History Set 12

Western Europe Decline: Absence of gold from Africa led to the disappearance of city life between the 6th and 10th centuries.
Medieval Universities: Padua and Milan established universities indicating prosperity from the 12th to 14th centuries.
Feudalism: A serf was a peasant bound to the land, unable to move or marry without the master’s permission.
Cavalry Warfare: The invention of a new type of harness doubled a horse’s pulling load, enabling cavalry growth.
Monastic Orders: The Franciscans were noted for serving the needy and poor during the medieval period.
Arab Trade: Arab merchants popularized the gold dinar and silver dirham as global currencies of trade.
Decimal System: Developed in India (5th century), introduced to Europe (12th century) by a monk named Abelard.
Sanskrit Translations: Kalila wa Dimma (Panchatantra) was translated into Arabic, forming the basis for Aesop’s Fables.
Marco Polo: Traveled to China specifically to breach the Arab monopoly on Europe’s trade.
Mongol Empire: Overran regions like Tonkin and Annam, which correspond to modern-day Vietnam.
Sailendra Dynasty: The vast Sri Vijaya empire was said to take more than two years to complete a round trip by fastest vessel.
Majapahit Empire: Replaced the powerful Sri Vijaya empire in the eleventh century.
Kambuja Empire: Built Angkor Thom and replaced the older Hinduized kingdom of Funan.
Trade Routes: Indian traders traveled overland from the port of Takkala in Malaya to the South China Sea.
Kashmir: Lalitaditya controlled Punjab, Kanauj, and even invaded Bengal before the Palas and Pratiharas rose.
Pala Empire Origins: Gopala founded the empire around AD 750; his father was likely a soldier.
Pala Military Scale: Sulaiman noted 10,000-15,000 men in the Pala army were employed just in fulling and washing clothes.
Pratihara Early Capital: Before capturing Kanauj, the Pratiharas established their capital at Bhinmal.
Pratihara Army Size: Al-Masudi described four divisions, each containing an enormous 7,00,000 to 9,00,000 men.
Pratihara Conflicts: The “army of the north” strictly fought against the ruler of Multan and allied Muslims.
Rashtrakuta Might: Krishna III invaded North India in 963 and defeated the Chola king Parantaka I in 949.
End of Rashtrakutas: Their empire ended when their capital, Malkhed, was sacked and burnt in AD 972.
Rashtrakuta Literature: The great apabhramsha poet Svayambhu and his son lived at their court.
Pala/Pratihara Administration: The unit directly below the visaya (district) was called the pattala.
Rashtrakuta Administration: Directly administered areas descended in order: Rashtra, Visaya, Bhukti.
Women in Power: Rashtrakuta princess Chandrobalabbe (daughter of Amoghavarsha I) administered the Raichur doab.
State Officials: All ministers were expected to lead military campaigns, except the Purohita.
Law and Order: The koshta pala (or kotwal) was responsible for law and order in towns.
Pala Infantry: Soldiers were recruited from diverse regions, including Lata in South Gujarat.
Local Government: Village sub-committees managing infrastructure received a percentage of the revenue collection.

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Medieval History Set 12

📌 Quick Summary — Medieval History Set 12

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📌 Quick Summary — Medieval History Set 12

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