Ancient Philosophies, Buddhist Councils & Epigraphy | MROY Class
Ancient Philosophies, Buddhist Councils & Epigraphy Q&A
The Nyaya Darshana explores logic and epistemology. Who authored its foundational Nyaya Sutras? – Gautama (Akshapada)Who is the founder of the Vaisheshika philosophy, famous for atomic theory (Paramanuvada)? – Kanada (Uluka)In Indian philosophy, the distinction between Astika and Nastika schools rests strictly upon: – The acceptance of the infallible authority of the VedasIn Jain epistemology, the doctrine of Nayavada specifically refers to: – The theory of partial standpoints or perspectivesThe Navya-Nyaya school emerged in the 13th century. Its founder, who authored the Tattvachintamani, was: – Gangesha UpadhyayaWhich fundamental concept did the materialistic Charvaka (Lokayata) school explicitly reject? – Karma, Rebirth, and the Soul (Atman)In the Damodarpur Copper Plate inscriptions, the title Prathama Kulika translates to: – The Chief ArtisanFrom which western region did the guild of silk weavers migrate to Mandasor as detailed in Kumaragupta I’s inscription? – Lata (Southern Gujarat)According to Kautilyaβs Arthashastra, an emergency un-prescribed tax of affection was called: – PranayaIn early medieval land charters, the frequently occurring term Bhogapati refers to: – An official or feudal lord enjoying revenue assignment of a territoryThe Kailasanatha Temple at Kanchipuram representing a massive structural leap was built by: – Narasimhavarman II (Rajasimha)The Vaikuntha Perumal Temple at Kanchipuram is celebrated for cloister relief sculptures depicting: – Historical lineage and coronation events of the Pallava dynastyThe Virupaksha Temple at Pattadakal was commissioned to commemorate victory over Pallavas by: – Queen LokamahadeviThe Chennakeshava Temple at Belur was built by Vishnuvardhana to commemorate military victory over: – Cholas at TalakadThe Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho was constructed under the patronage of Chandela king: – VidyadharaThe 11th-century Sas-Bahu temple complex in Gwalior Fort is a masterpiece of which regional dynasty? – Kachchhapaghata DynastyIn classical Dravidian architecture, the term Shikhara specifically denotes the: – Crowning octagonal or dome-shaped cupola at the very top of VimanaThe Hathigumpha Inscription of Kharavela is the earliest epigraphic record to explicitly use the term: – BharatavarshaWhich epigraphic record famously bears the authentic signature of Emperor Harshavardhana himself? – Banskhera Copper Plate InscriptionAshoka’s Major Rock Edict XIII describing the Kalinga War is crucial because it explicitly names: – Five contemporary Hellenistic (Greek) kings of the MediterraneanTo honor Buddha’s birthplace in Lumbini, Ashoka made it Bali-free and reduced the Bhaga (land tax) to: – One-eighth (1/8)In the 15th century under Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin, Kalhanaβs Rajatarangini was continued by: – JonarajaThe Porul section of the ancient Tamil grammatical treatise Tolkappiyam deals exclusively with: – The subject matter of poetry, aesthetics, and love/war conventionsThe Sanskrit epic Kiratarjuniya, describing the battle between Arjuna and Lord Shiva, was authored by: – BharaviShishupala Vadha, counted among the five great Mahakavyas, was composed in the 8th century by: – MaghaSriharsha authored the Naishadha Charita. He was the court poet of the Gahadavala king: – Jayachandra (Jaichand)The Pallava King Mahendravarman I authored Mattavilasa Prahasana, heavily satirizing corrupt practices of: – Buddhist monksIn the administrative network of the Mauryan Empire, the Rajukas functioned primarily as: – Administrators and judicial magistrates in the rural countrysideThe Pradesikas mentioned in Ashoka’s edicts were senior officials fundamentally tasked with: – Touring the empire every five years for revenue collection and auditingThe highest echelon of the Gupta civil service, a pool of elite imperial bureaucrats, was known as: – KumaramatyasThe critical Gupta ministerial post representing the Minister of Peace and War was called the: – SandhivigrahikaThe most detailed epigraphic evidence of the Chola Kudavolai election system is found at: – UttaramerurAt the First Buddhist Council at Rajagriha, who recited the Vinaya Pitaka from memory? – UpaliAt the same First Buddhist Council, who recited the Sutta Pitaka? – AnandaDuring the Second Buddhist Council schism, the orthodox faction refusing to relax rules was the: – Sthaviravadins (Theravadins)The liberal majority faction breaking away during the Second Council to pave the way for Mahayana was: – MahasanghikasThe defining text of the Abhidhamma Pitaka, the Katha Vatthu, was compiled at the 3rd Council by: – Moggaliputta TissaWho served as the highly influential Vice-President of the Fourth Buddhist Council in Kashmir? – AshvaghoshaThe Sanskrit commentaries compiled during the Fourth Buddhist Council are collectively known as: – Mahavibhasha ShastraThe Jain faction that migrated south during the Magadha famine to maintain strict nudity was led by: – BhadrabahuThe First Jain Council compiling the 12 Angas at Pataliputra was presided over by: – SthulabhadraIn the Buddhist Sangha, the formal ceremony admitting a novice into full monkhood (Bhikshu) is: – UpasampadaThe solemn post-retreat ceremony where monks confessed offenses committed during monsoon is called: – PavaranaThe disciplinary mechanism of Uposatha in the Buddhist Sangha specifically involved: – A fortnightly assembly of monks to recite the Patimokkha codeThe oldest surviving systematic text of the dualistic Samkhya school, Sankhya Karika, was authored by: – IshvarakrishnaThe Samkhya theory arguing that the effect is pre-existent in its material cause is called: – SatkaryavadaConversely, the Nyaya-Vaisheshika theory that an effect is a completely new creation is known as: – Asatkaryavada (or Arambhavada)Which Mauryan ruler dedicated caves to the Ajivika sect in the Nagarjuni Hills? – DasharathaIn Hindu temple architecture, the foundational Vastu Purusha Mandala represents: – A metaphysical, geometric grid representing the cosmosThe massive granite stones for the Brihadeshwara Temple at Thanjavur were transported using: – A sophisticated network of newly excavated riverine canals
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Shad Darshanas (Orthodox Hindu Logic): Nyaya founded by Gautama (Akshapada) focuses on rigorous logic; Vaisheshika by Kanada propounds atomic pluralism (Paramanuvada); Samkhya by Kapila/Ishvarakrishna relies on dualism and Satkaryavada (pre-existent effect). Astika status depends strictly on Vedic infallibility.Heterodox & Medieval Logic: Charvaka explicitly rejects Soul, Rebirth, and Karma; Jainism introduces Nayavada (partial standpoints) and held its 1st Council under Sthulabhadra; Navya-Nyaya (13th c.) revolutionized logic under Gangesha Upadhyaya in Mithila/Bengal.The Monastic Sangha & Councils: 1st Council (Rajagriha) saw Upali recite Vinaya and Ananda recite Sutta Pitakas. 2nd Council (Vaishali) split Theravadins and liberal Mahasanghikas. 3rd Council (Pataliputra) compiled Katha Vatthu under Moggaliputta Tissa. 4th Council (Kashmir) compiled Mahavibhasha Shastra under Vice-President Ashvaghosha.Imperial Epigraphy & Guilds: Damodarpur plates name the Prathama Kulika (Chief Artisan); Mandasor records Lata silk weavers; Hathigumpha earliest to use ‘Bharatavarsha’; Banskhera preserves Harsha’s exact signature; Major Rock Edict XIII names 5 Greek kings; Rummindei slashed Lumbini land tax to 1/8th.Monumental Architecture: Pallavas initiated structural Dravidian style at Kailasanatha (Rajasimha) and cloister historical reliefs at Vaikuntha Perumal. Chalukyan Virupaksha built by Queen Lokamahadevi. Hoysala Belur temple marks Talakad victory. Chandelas built Kandariya Mahadeva (Vidyadhara). Brihadeshwara granite moved via river canals.
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