Polity Set 126 | MROY Class

Polity Set 126 Questions & Answers

Which Article grants the President of India the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment? – Article 72
Which Article grants the Governor of a State the corresponding power to grant pardons and remissions? – Article 161
Which Article grants the President the power to promulgate Ordinances during the recess of Parliament? – Article 123
Which Article grants the Governor the power to promulgate Ordinances when the State Legislature is not in session? – Article 213
Which Article provides for a Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament to resolve a legislative deadlock over an ordinary bill? – Article 108
Who presides over the Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament? – The Speaker of the Lok Sabha
Which Article explicitly contains the definition of a “Money Bill”? – Article 110
Which Article deals with the assent of the President to Bills passed by the Parliament? – Article 111
The term “Budget” is not mentioned in the Constitution. Instead, Article 112 refers to it as the: – Annual Financial Statement
Which Article of the Constitution provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India? – Article 124
Which Article gives the Supreme Court original and exclusive jurisdiction over disputes between the Centre and one or more States? – Article 131
Which Article authorizes the President of India to seek an advisory opinion from the Supreme Court? – Article 143
Which Article states that the Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President? – Article 155
Which Article states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor? – Article 163
Which Article provides for the appointment of the Advocate General of a State? – Article 165
Which Article provides Parliament with the power to abolish or create a State Legislative Council? – Article 169
Which Article mandates that there shall be a High Court for each State? – Article 214
Which Article allows Parliament to establish a common High Court for two or more States? – Article 231
Which Article mandates the constitution of Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels? – Article 243B
Which Article establishes the State Election Commission for elections to Panchayats and Municipalities? – Article 243K
Which Article requires the Governor to constitute a State Finance Commission every five years? – Article 243I
Which Article mandates the constitution of a District Planning Committee (DPC)? – Article 243ZD
Which Article mandates the constitution of a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC)? – Article 243ZE
Which Article states that every Union Territory shall be administered by the President acting through an administrator? – Article 239
Which Article confers special status on Delhi and redesignates it as the National Capital Territory of Delhi? – Article 239AA
Which Article vests the residuary powers of legislation exclusively in the Parliament? – Article 248
Which Article empowers the Rajya Sabha to authorize Parliament to make laws on a matter in the State List in the national interest? – Article 249
Which Article empowers Parliament to provide for the adjudication of any inter-state river water dispute? – Article 262
Which Article provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President? – Article 263
Which Article establishes the Consolidated Fund of India and the Consolidated Fund of each State? – Article 266

MROY Class

Polity Set 126

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📌 Indian Polity • President

Q.1) Which Article grants the President of India the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment?

Ans > Article 72

Scope of Executive Clemency: The President holds the sovereign power to pardon sentences, including death sentences, sentences from military court-martials, and punishments for offenses against Union laws. This acts as a final safeguard against judicial errors.
Nature of the Power: This is entirely an executive power, not a judicial one. It is exercised on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, specifically the Ministry of Home Affairs.
Categories of Mercy: The power is divided into Pardon, Commutation (substituting harsher punishment), Remission (reducing period), Respite (lesser sentence for special facts), and Reprieve (temporary stay).

📌 Indian Polity • Governor

Q.2) Which Article grants the Governor of a State the corresponding power to grant pardons and remissions?

Ans > Article 161

Jurisdictional Limits: The Governor’s power extends only to executive matters that fall under the State’s jurisdiction (State laws and Concurrent laws). It is narrower than the President’s power.
Exclusion of Court-Martial Powers: Unlike the President of India, the Governor has absolutely no power to pardon, commute, or remit sentences handed down by a military court-martial.
Power Over Death Sentences: Historically, Governors could not pardon a death sentence. However, a 2021 Supreme Court ruling clarified that the Governor can commute a death sentence, overriding Section 433A of the CrPC.

📌 Indian Polity • President

Q.3) Which Article grants the President the power to promulgate Ordinances during the recess of Parliament?

Ans > Article 123

Emergency Legislative Mechanism: The ordinance-making power is meant to deal with unforeseen or urgent situations that arise when Parliament is not in session.
Co-extensive with Parliament: An ordinance has the exact same legal force and effect as an Act of Parliament and cannot violate fundamental rights.
Lifespan of an Ordinance: It automatically lapses six weeks from the reassembly of Parliament. The maximum possible theoretical life of an ordinance is six months and six weeks.

📌 Indian Polity • Governor

Q.4) Which Article grants the Governor the power to promulgate Ordinances when the State Legislature is not in session?

Ans > Article 213

State-Level Application: Similar to the President, the Governor can promulgate ordinances when the state legislature is not in session on the explicit advice of the State Council of Ministers.
Presidential Sanction Requirement: The Governor cannot promulgate ordinances on certain matters without prior instructions from the President (like bills obliging President’s consideration).
Withdrawal and Expiration: It must be approved by the State Legislature within six weeks of its reassembly, otherwise, it permanently ceases to operate.

📌 Indian Polity • Parliament

Q.5) Which Article provides for a Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament to resolve a legislative deadlock over an ordinary bill?

Ans > Article 108

Triggers for Deadlock: A joint sitting is summoned by the President if one House passes a bill and the other rejects it, if they disagree on amendments, or if six months pass without action.
Strict Exclusions: Joint sittings are constitutionally prohibited for Money Bills (Article 110) and Constitutional Amendment Bills (Article 368).
Historical Rarity: Utilized only three times: Dowry Prohibition Bill (1961), Banking Service Commission Repeal Bill (1978), and Prevention of Terrorism Bill (2002).

📌 Indian Polity • Parliament

Q.6) Who presides over the Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament?

Ans > The Speaker of the Lok Sabha

Hierarchy of Presiding Officers: Speaker of Lok Sabha > Deputy Speaker > Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
Exclusion of the Vice-President: The Vice-President (Chairman of Rajya Sabha) is strictly forbidden from presiding because they are not an elected member of either House.
Quorum and Voting Advantage: Because the Lok Sabha has a significantly larger membership, the will of the Lok Sabha (ruling government) almost always prevails.

📌 Indian Polity • Parliament

Q.7) Which Article explicitly contains the definition of a “Money Bill”?

Ans > Article 110

Strict Legal Criteria: It must deal exclusively with taxes, government borrowing, or the custody and appropriation of money from the Consolidated/Contingency Funds.
The Speaker’s Absolute Authority: The decision of the Speaker of the Lok Sabha on whether a bill is a Money Bill is final.
Rajya Sabha’s Diminished Role: The Rajya Sabha cannot reject or amend a Money Bill; it can only make recommendations within exactly 14 days.

📌 Indian Polity • Parliament

Q.8) Which Article deals with the assent of the President to Bills passed by the Parliament (including the use of veto power)?

Ans > Article 111

Options Available: The President can give assent, withhold assent (Absolute Veto), or return the bill for reconsideration (Suspensive Veto).
Overriding the Suspensive Veto: If Parliament passes the bill a second time, the President is constitutionally obligated to give assent.
Pocket Veto Implicit: Imposes no strict time limit for giving or refusing assent, leading to the “Pocket Veto” (famously used by President Zail Singh in 1986).

📌 Indian Polity • Budget

Q.9) The term “Budget” is not mentioned in the Constitution. Instead, Article 112 refers to it as the:

Ans > Annual Financial Statement

Constitutional Nomenclature: The word “Budget” does not appear anywhere in the Constitution. Article 112 strictly uses the term “Annual Financial Statement.”
Bifurcation of Expenditures: It distinguishes between expenditures “charged upon” the Consolidated Fund (not voted upon) and those “made from” it (voted via Demands for Grants).
Ministry Responsibility: Prepared by the Budget Division of the Department of Economic Affairs within the Ministry of Finance.

📌 Indian Polity • Judiciary

Q.10) Which Article of the Constitution provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India?

Ans > Article 124

Evolution of Court Size: Originally a Chief Justice and seven judges. Parliament has increased this to a sanctioned strength of 34 judges (including the CJI).
The Collegium Interpretation: Supreme Court judgements transformed “consultation” into “concurrence”, establishing the Collegium System for selecting judges.
Stringent Removal Process: Judges can only be removed by a Presidential order after a special majority address by each House on grounds of proven misbehaviour or incapacity.

📌 Indian Polity • Judiciary

Q.11) Which Article gives the Supreme Court original and exclusive jurisdiction over disputes between the Centre and one or more States?

Ans > Article 131

Protector of Federalism: Handles legal disputes exclusively between the Government of India vs. states, or between multiple state governments.
Meaning of Original and Exclusive: “Original” means direct filing in SC; “Exclusive” means no other court can hear these disputes.
Strict Exceptions: Excludes political disputes, inter-state water disputes (handled under Article 262), and matters governed by pre-constitution treaties.

📌 Indian Polity • Judiciary

Q.12) Which Article authorizes the President of India to seek an advisory opinion from the Supreme Court on questions of law or public importance?

Ans > Article 143

Dual Categories of Reference: 143(1) for any question of law (SC may refuse), and 143(2) for pre-constitution treaties (SC is bound to advise).
Non-Binding Advisory Nature: The opinion is consultative. The Central Government is not legally bound to follow it.
Historical Precedents: Invoked for issues like the Delhi Laws Act (1951), Presidential Election (1974), Ayodhya dispute (1993), and the 2G spectrum allocation (2012).

📌 Indian Polity • Governor

Q.13) Which Article states that the Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal?

Ans > Article 155

Choosing the Canadian Model: The Constituent Assembly chose central appointment over direct election to prevent friction between an elected Governor and an elected Chief Minister.
Agent of the Centre: Serves a dual role as constitutional head of the state and as a vital link/agent of the Central Government.
Lack of Security of Tenure: The Governor holds office completely during the “pleasure of the President” (Article 156), allowing dismissal at any time.

📌 Indian Polity • State Executive

Q.14) Which Article states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor?

Ans > Article 163

The Foundation of State Cabinet System: Mandates a Council of Ministers to provide aid and advice to the Governor.
Area of Constitutional Discretion: Unlike the President, Article 163 explicitly grants the Governor areas to act at their own discretion (like reserving bills or recommending President’s Rule).
Protection of Cabinet Secrecy: The advice tendered by Ministers to the Governor cannot be inquired into by any court of law.

📌 Indian Polity • State Executive

Q.15) Which Article provides for the appointment of the Advocate General of a State (the highest law officer in the state)?

Ans > Article 165

Highest Legal Luminary of the State: The counterpart to the Attorney General of India (Article 76). Their duty is to give legal advice and represent the state in complex matters.
Strict Qualification Requirements: Must possess the exact qualifications required to become a judge of a High Court.
Legislative Privileges Without Voting: Under Article 177, they have the right to speak in both Houses of the State Legislature but do not possess voting rights.

📌 Indian Polity • State Legislature

Q.16) Which Article provides Parliament with the power to abolish or create a State Legislative Council based on a resolution passed by the State Legislative Assembly?

Ans > Article 169

State Initiation Required: Must strictly be initiated by the State Legislative Assembly passing a resolution.
Dual Majority Thresholds: State Assembly must pass by a special majority; Union Parliament then approves by a simple majority.
Not a Constitutional Amendment: Any parliamentary law made for this purpose is explicitly not considered a Constitutional Amendment under Article 368.

📌 Indian Polity • Judiciary

Q.17) Which Article mandates that there shall be a High Court for each State?

Ans > Article 214

Apex of the State Judiciary: Ensures judicial decentralization as the highest court of appeal and original jurisdiction within state boundaries.
Power of a Court of Record: Article 215 declares every High Court a “Court of Record,” granting inherent power to punish for contempt.
Colonial Roots: High Courts predate the Constitution, with the first established in 1862 (Calcutta, Bombay, Madras) under the 1861 Act.

📌 Indian Polity • Judiciary

Q.18) Which Article allows Parliament to establish a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union Territory?

Ans > Article 231

The 7th Amendment Fix: Introduced by the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1956 to provide administrative and financial flexibility for smaller states.
Prominent Multi-State Courts: e.g., Punjab and Haryana High Court, or the Bombay High Court (covering Goa, Daman & Diu, Dadra & Nagar Haveli).
Establishing Regional Benches: Allows the establishment of permanent or circuit benches in constituent states (e.g., Guwahati High Court benches).

📌 Indian Polity • Local Government

Q.19) Which Article (added by the 73rd Amendment) mandates the constitution of Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels in every state?

Ans > Article 243B

Standardizing Grassroots Democracy: Mandated a uniform three-tier Panchayati Raj system across the country.
Exemption for Smaller States: States with a population not exceeding 20 lakhs are constitutionally exempt from constituting the intermediate level.
From Directive Principle to Justiciable Law: Elevated village panchayats from a non-binding suggestion (Article 40) into officially recognized third-tier governance.

📌 Indian Polity • Elections

Q.20) Which Article establishes the State Election Commission for the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Panchayats and Municipalities?

Ans > Article 243K

Complete Independence from ECI: The SEC is totally distinct from the Election Commission of India (ECI).
Security of Tenure: The Commissioner is appointed by the Governor but can only be removed in the same manner as a High Court Judge.
Comprehensive Electoral Mandate: Broad powers regarding local bodies, including electoral rolls, delimitation, and overall electoral control.

📌 Indian Polity • Finance

Q.21) Which Article requires the Governor of a state to constitute a State Finance Commission every five years to review the financial position of local bodies?

Ans > Article 243I

Financial Lifeline for Local Bodies: Ensures that Panchayats and Municipalities are not starved of funds by state governments.
Mandate on Revenue Sharing: Recommends the principles governing the distribution of state revenues and net proceeds of taxes.
Grants and Accountability: Recommends grants-in-aid; the Governor must place every recommendation before the State Legislature.

📌 Indian Polity • Local Government

Q.22) Which Article mandates the constitution of a District Planning Committee (DPC) in every state to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the Municipalities?

Ans > Article 243ZD

Bridging the Rural-Urban Divide: Consolidates separate development plans from rural Panchayats and urban Municipalities into one cohesive district plan.
Democratic Composition Requirements: At least four-fifths (80%) of the DPC members must be elected by, and from amongst, elected local members.
Focus on Resource Sharing: Must consider matters of common interest like spatial planning and physical/natural resource sharing.

📌 Indian Polity • Local Government

Q.23) Which Article mandates the constitution of a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) in every metropolitan area?

Ans > Article 243ZE

Defining a Metropolitan Area: Area with a population of 10 lakhs (one million) or more, comprising one or more districts.
Complex Urban Coordination: Prepares a draft development plan that coordinates overlapping efforts of municipalities, panchayats, and agencies within a megacity.
Representation Thresholds: At least two-thirds (66.6%) of members must be elected by, and from amongst, elected members within the area.

📌 Indian Polity • Union Territories

Q.24) Part VIII of the Constitution deals with Union Territories. Which Article states that every Union Territory shall be administered by the President acting through an administrator?

Ans > Article 239

Direct Federal Administration: UTs are centrally administered directly by the President of India, making the Central Government the ultimate authority.
The Role of the Administrator: The Administrator is strictly an agent or delegate of the President, operating entirely on instructions from the Union Home Ministry.
Varying Official Designations: Referred to as “Lieutenant Governor” (Delhi, J&K, Ladakh) or “Administrator” (Chandigarh, Lakshadweep) depending on the UT.

📌 Indian Polity • Union Territories

Q.25) Which Article, inserted by the 69th Amendment Act (1991), confers special status on Delhi and redesignates it as the National Capital Territory of Delhi?

Ans > Article 239AA

Creation of the NCT: The 69th Amendment officially redesignated Delhi as the NCT and designated its administrator as the Lieutenant Governor (LG).
A Unique Hybrid Legislature: Mandated a 70-member Legislative Assembly with the power to make laws on most State List and Concurrent List subjects.
The Three Crucial Exceptions: The Assembly cannot legislate on Public Order, Police, and Land; these remain strictly under Union control.

📌 Indian Polity • Centre-State

Q.26) Which Article vests the residuary powers of legislation (subjects not enumerated in any of the three lists of the Seventh Schedule) exclusively in the Parliament?

Ans > Article 248

Handling Unforeseen Subjects: Created to handle “residuary subjects” not explicitly written in the Union, State, or Concurrent lists.
Centralizing Bias (Canadian Model): Vesting leftover powers in the Union Parliament significantly tilts the balance of power toward a strong central government.
Financial and Tax Implications: Includes the power of making laws to impose any tax not mentioned in the State or Concurrent lists (e.g., Service Tax historically).

📌 Indian Polity • Centre-State

Q.27) Which Article empowers the Rajya Sabha to authorize Parliament to make laws on a matter in the State List in the national interest?

Ans > Article 249

Council of States as a Gateway: Allows a temporary override if the Rajya Sabha agrees it is “necessary or expedient in the national interest”.
High Voting Threshold: Requires a resolution passed by a special majority (two-thirds of the members present and voting) in the Rajya Sabha.
Strict Time Limitations: Remains in force for a maximum of one year at a time; any law passed ceases to have effect six months after expiration.

📌 Indian Polity • Centre-State

Q.28) Which Article empowers Parliament to provide for the adjudication of any dispute with respect to the use, distribution, or control of the waters of any inter-state river?

Ans > Article 262

Managing Hydrological Conflicts: Grants Parliament exclusive authority to create mechanisms adjudicating inter-state river valley disputes.
Exclusion of the Judiciary: Allows Parliament to legally bar the Supreme Court and all lower courts from exercising jurisdiction over these water disputes.
Statutory Tribunals: Parliament enacted the Inter-State Water Disputes Act of 1956 to establish ad-hoc, binding Water Dispute Tribunals.

📌 Indian Polity • Centre-State

Q.29) Which Article provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President to effect coordination between states and between the Centre and states?

Ans > Article 263

Presidential Prerogative: The President establishes this council if they believe public interest would be served by its creation.
Broad Mandate: Inquires into disputes between states, investigates subjects of common interest, and makes recommendations for policy coordination.
The Sarkaria Commission Impact: Officially established in 1990 on the strong recommendation of the Sarkaria Commission to foster cooperative federalism.

📌 Indian Polity • Finance

Q.30) Which Article establishes the Consolidated Fund of India and the Consolidated Fund of each State?

Ans > Article 266

The Primary Government Treasury: Every rupee raised through taxes, loans taken, and loan repayments flows into the Consolidated Fund.
Strict Parliamentary Control: Not a single rupee can be withdrawn without parliamentary approval (enacted via an Appropriation Act).
Public Account Distinction: Also establishes the “Public Account of India” (e.g., Provident Funds), where government acts as a custodian and disbursements don’t require Parliament’s vote.

📌 Quick Summary — Polity Constitutional Articles

Article 72 & 161: Pardoning powers of the President and Governor respectively.
Article 123 & 213: Ordinance-making powers of the President and Governor respectively.
Article 108: Provisions for a Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament.
Article 110 & 112: Definition of Money Bills (110) and the Annual Financial Statement/Budget (112).
Article 111: Assent to bills passed by Parliament and Presidential Veto powers.
Article 124, 131 & 143: Establishment of Supreme Court, its original jurisdiction (Centre vs. State), and its advisory jurisdiction to the President.
Article 155, 163 & 165: Governor’s appointment, Council of Ministers to aid Governor, and the State Advocate General.
Article 169: Creation or abolition of State Legislative Councils.
Article 214 & 231: High Court for each state, and Parliament’s power to create a Common High Court.
Article 243 Series (Local Govt): Panchayats (243B), State Finance Commission (243I), State Election Commission (243K), DPC (243ZD), MPC (243ZE).
Article 239 & 239AA: Administration of Union Territories, and the special NCT status for Delhi.
Article 248 & 249: Residuary legislative powers, and Rajya Sabha’s power to authorize Parliament laws on the State List.
Article 262 & 263: Inter-state river water disputes tribunals, and the Inter-State Council.
Article 266: The Consolidated Fund of India and Public Account.

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Polity Set 126

Q.1) Which Article grants the President of India the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment?

Q.2) Which Article grants the Governor of a State the corresponding power to grant pardons and remissions?

Q.3) Which Article grants the President the power to promulgate Ordinances during the recess of Parliament?

Q.4) Which Article grants the Governor the power to promulgate Ordinances when the State Legislature is not in session?

Q.5) Which Article provides for a Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament to resolve a legislative deadlock over an ordinary bill?

Q.6) Who presides over the Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament?

Q.7) Which Article explicitly contains the definition of a “Money Bill”?

Q.8) Which Article deals with the assent of the President to Bills passed by the Parliament (including the use of veto power)?

Q.9) The term “Budget” is not mentioned in the Constitution. Instead, Article 112 refers to it as the:

Q.10) Which Article of the Constitution provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India?

Q.11) Which Article gives the Supreme Court original and exclusive jurisdiction over disputes between the Centre and one or more States?

Q.12) Which Article authorizes the President of India to seek an advisory opinion from the Supreme Court on questions of law or public importance?

Q.13) Which Article states that the Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal?

Q.14) Which Article states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor?

Q.15) Which Article provides for the appointment of the Advocate General of a State (the highest law officer in the state)?

Q.16) Which Article provides Parliament with the power to abolish or create a State Legislative Council based on a resolution passed by the State Legislative Assembly?

Q.17) Which Article mandates that there shall be a High Court for each State?

Q.18) Which Article allows Parliament to establish a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union Territory?

Q.19) Which Article (added by the 73rd Amendment) mandates the constitution of Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels in every state?

Q.20) Which Article establishes the State Election Commission for the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Panchayats and Municipalities?

Q.21) Which Article requires the Governor of a state to constitute a State Finance Commission every five years to review the financial position of local bodies?

Q.22) Which Article mandates the constitution of a District Planning Committee (DPC) in every state to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the Municipalities?

Q.23) Which Article mandates the constitution of a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) in every metropolitan area?

Q.24) Part VIII of the Constitution deals with Union Territories. Which Article states that every Union Territory shall be administered by the President acting through an administrator?

Q.25) Which Article, inserted by the 69th Amendment Act (1991), confers special status on Delhi and redesignates it as the National Capital Territory of Delhi?

Q.26) Which Article vests the residuary powers of legislation (subjects not enumerated in any of the three lists of the Seventh Schedule) exclusively in the Parliament?

Q.27) Which Article empowers the Rajya Sabha to authorize Parliament to make laws on a matter in the State List in the national interest?

Q.28) Which Article empowers Parliament to provide for the adjudication of any dispute with respect to the use, distribution, or control of the waters of any inter-state river?

Q.29) Which Article provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President to effect coordination between states and between the Centre and states?

Q.30) Which Article establishes the Consolidated Fund of India and the Consolidated Fund of each State?

📌 Quick Summary — Polity Constitutional Articles

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Q.1) Which Article grants the President of India the power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment?

Q.2) Which Article grants the Governor of a State the corresponding power to grant pardons and remissions?

Q.3) Which Article grants the President the power to promulgate Ordinances during the recess of Parliament?

Q.4) Which Article grants the Governor the power to promulgate Ordinances when the State Legislature is not in session?

Q.5) Which Article provides for a Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament to resolve a legislative deadlock over an ordinary bill?

Q.6) Who presides over the Joint Sitting of both Houses of Parliament?

Q.7) Which Article explicitly contains the definition of a “Money Bill”?

Q.8) Which Article deals with the assent of the President to Bills passed by the Parliament (including the use of veto power)?

Q.9) The term “Budget” is not mentioned in the Constitution. Instead, Article 112 refers to it as the:

Q.10) Which Article of the Constitution provides for the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court of India?

Q.11) Which Article gives the Supreme Court original and exclusive jurisdiction over disputes between the Centre and one or more States?

Q.12) Which Article authorizes the President of India to seek an advisory opinion from the Supreme Court on questions of law or public importance?

Q.13) Which Article states that the Governor of a State shall be appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal?

Q.14) Which Article states that there shall be a Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister at the head to aid and advise the Governor?

Q.15) Which Article provides for the appointment of the Advocate General of a State (the highest law officer in the state)?

Q.16) Which Article provides Parliament with the power to abolish or create a State Legislative Council based on a resolution passed by the State Legislative Assembly?

Q.17) Which Article mandates that there shall be a High Court for each State?

Q.18) Which Article allows Parliament to establish a common High Court for two or more States or for two or more States and a Union Territory?

Q.19) Which Article (added by the 73rd Amendment) mandates the constitution of Panchayats at the village, intermediate, and district levels in every state?

Q.20) Which Article establishes the State Election Commission for the superintendence, direction, and control of elections to Panchayats and Municipalities?

Q.21) Which Article requires the Governor of a state to constitute a State Finance Commission every five years to review the financial position of local bodies?

Q.22) Which Article mandates the constitution of a District Planning Committee (DPC) in every state to consolidate the plans prepared by the Panchayats and the Municipalities?

Q.23) Which Article mandates the constitution of a Metropolitan Planning Committee (MPC) in every metropolitan area?

Q.24) Part VIII of the Constitution deals with Union Territories. Which Article states that every Union Territory shall be administered by the President acting through an administrator?

Q.25) Which Article, inserted by the 69th Amendment Act (1991), confers special status on Delhi and redesignates it as the National Capital Territory of Delhi?

Q.26) Which Article vests the residuary powers of legislation (subjects not enumerated in any of the three lists of the Seventh Schedule) exclusively in the Parliament?

Q.27) Which Article empowers the Rajya Sabha to authorize Parliament to make laws on a matter in the State List in the national interest?

Q.28) Which Article empowers Parliament to provide for the adjudication of any dispute with respect to the use, distribution, or control of the waters of any inter-state river?

Q.29) Which Article provides for the establishment of an Inter-State Council by the President to effect coordination between states and between the Centre and states?

Q.30) Which Article establishes the Consolidated Fund of India and the Consolidated Fund of each State?

📌 Quick Summary — Polity Constitutional Articles

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