Modern History Set 118 | MROY Class

Modern History Set 118

The pioneering Bengali weekly newspaper Sambad Kaumudi, which actively campaigned against orthodox practices like Sati, was published by whom? – Raja Rammohan Roy
Which influential Bengali social reformer started the newspaper Som Prakash in 1858? – Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
The powerful nationalist newspaper Amrita Bazar Patrika was famously converted from a Bengali to an English daily overnight in 1878 to evade the Vernacular Press Act. Who were its founders? – Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh
Bal Gangadhar Tilak used his newspapers to awaken the masses. While Kesari was published in Marathi, in which language was Mahratta published? – English
The highly influential Urdu weekly Al Hilal was started in 1912 by whom? – Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
The English-language weekly newspaper Comrade, founded in 1911, became a prominent voice of the Khilafat Movement. Who was its editor? – Maulana Mohammad Ali
To propagate his ideas and social campaigns against untouchability, Mahatma Gandhi launched which weekly journal in 1933? – Harijan
The English-language monthly journal Prabuddha Bharata (Awakened India) was founded in 1896 under the inspiration of whom? – Swami Vivekananda
Which prominent social reformer from Maharashtra authored the book Gulamgiri (Slavery) in 1873? – Jyotiba Phule
The national song ‘Vande Mataram’ was taken from the classic Bengali novel Anandamath. Who authored it? – Bankim Chandra Chatterjee
The famous Bengali play Nil Darpan vividly exposed the atrocities of British indigo planters on Indian peasants. Who was its author? – Dinabandhu Mitra
Which early nationalist leader systematically propounded the “Drain of Wealth” theory in his seminal book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India? – Dadabhai Naoroji
In 1909, who authored the highly influential book The Indian War of Independence, 1857? – V.D. Savarkar
The seminal book Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule) was written by whom? – Mahatma Gandhi
The Discovery of India was written by Jawaharlal Nehru while he was imprisoned in which fort? – Ahmednagar Fort
Which prominent leader of the Indian freedom struggle authored the autobiographical account India Wins Freedom? – Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Which prominent Indian nationalist authored the philosophical treatise Gita Rahasya while imprisoned in Mandalay, Burma? – Bal Gangadhar Tilak
The book The Arctic Home in the Vedas was written by whom? – Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Meaning of the Truth), one of the most important texts of the Arya Samaj, was written by whom? – Swami Dayanand Saraswati
The book Unhappy India, which forcefully refuted the claims made by Katherine Mayo in her controversial book Mother India, was written by whom? – Lala Lajpat Rai
The revolutionary memoir and manual Bandi Jiwan (A Life of Captivity) was authored by which founding member of the HRA? – Sachindra Nath Sanyal
The highly influential Bengali political novel Pather Dabi was written by whom? – Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
The groundbreaking and highly critical text Annihilation of Caste was written by whom? – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
The powerful and rationalist essay Why I am an Atheist was written in 1930 by which prominent revolutionary? – Bhagat Singh
The English-language daily Bande Mataram became a powerful voice for the Extremist faction during the Swadeshi Movement. Who was its most prominent editor? – Aurobindo Ghosh
The nationalist poem “Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna” became an anthem for revolutionaries in India. Who originally wrote it? – Bismil Azimabadi
The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” (Long Live the Revolution) was popularized by Bhagat Singh, but who originally coined the phrase in 1921? – Hasrat Mohani
The revolutionary and deeply nationalist Bengali periodical Sandhya was founded and published by whom? – Brahmabandhab Upadhyay
The suggestion to boycott British goods was first made in 1905 in the Bengali journal Sanjibani. Who was its editor? – Krishna Kumar Mitra
The fortnightly Marathi newspaper Mooknayak (Leader of the Voiceless) was founded by whom? – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

MROY Class

Modern History Set 118

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📌 Press & Literature

Q.1) The pioneering Bengali weekly newspaper Sambad Kaumudi, which actively campaigned against orthodox practices like Sati, was published by whom?

Ans > Raja Rammohan Roy

Foundational Impact: Published in 1821, Sambad Kaumudi (The Moon of Intelligence) was a pioneering Bengali weekly newspaper that served as the primary intellectual vehicle for Raja Rammohan Roy’s socio-religious reform movements in 19th-century Bengal. It was one of the first Indian-managed and published newspapers, effectively breaking the intellectual monopoly of the British-owned colonial press.
Abolition of Sati: The newspaper’s most significant historical contribution was its relentless, systematic, and scripture-backed campaign against the orthodox Hindu practice of Sati (widow immolation). Roy used the platform to legally and textually prove that ancient Vedic texts did not sanction this cruel practice. His persistent editorial pressure created a massive shift in public opinion, directly culminating in Lord William Bentinck officially banning Sati in 1829.
Broader Social Vision: Beyond the campaign against Sati, the weekly actively championed modern scientific education, advocated for crucial property rights for women, fiercely defended the freedom of the native press, and called for the eradication of the rigid caste system, fundamentally laying the intellectual groundwork for the Bengal Renaissance.

📌 Press & Literature

Q.2) Which influential Bengali social reformer started the newspaper Som Prakash in 1858, known for its staunch support of the Indigo cultivators?

Ans > Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar

Pioneering Journalism: Launched in 1858 by the legendary social reformer Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, with Dwarkanath Vidyabhusan as its editor, Som Prakash was a highly influential Bengali weekly. Unlike earlier vernacular papers that focused heavily on religious or cultural debates, it boldly shifted the narrative towards direct, uncompromising political and social criticism, making it a true cornerstone of early Indian political journalism.
The Indigo Revolt (Nil Bidroho): The newspaper played an absolutely crucial role during the massive Indigo Revolt of 1859-60. It vehemently exposed the brutal exploitation, systemic physical torture, and horrific economic extortion inflicted upon the helpless Bengali ryots (peasant cultivators) by the British indigo planters. Its fearless grassroots reporting brought the agrarian crisis to the national forefront.
Target of the Gagging Act: Because of its staunch anti-imperialist stance, fearless political commentary, and widespread, dangerous influence among the educated Bengali middle class, Som Prakash became one of the primary targets of Lord Lytton’s draconian Vernacular Press Act of 1878, which aimed to completely muzzle the native-language press from inciting political rebellion.

📌 Press & Literature

Q.3) The powerful nationalist newspaper Amrita Bazar Patrika was famously converted from a Bengali to an English daily overnight in 1878 to evade the Vernacular Press Act. Who were its founders?

Ans > Sisir Kumar Ghosh and Motilal Ghosh

Origins and Influence: Founded in 1868 by the Ghosh brothers, Sisir Kumar and Motilal, Amrita Bazar Patrika initially began as a Bengali weekly in the small village of Amrita Bazar before eventually relocating to Kolkata. It quickly grew into one of the most powerful, fearless, and widely read nationalist newspapers in India, known for its biting investigative journalism and harsh critique of British administrative policies.
The Vernacular Press Act Masterstroke: In 1878, the Viceroy Lord Lytton enacted the Vernacular Press Act to instantly shut down native-language newspapers that criticized the government. In one of the most legendary, defiant moves in Indian journalism history, the founders secretly procured English typefaces and converted the paper from a Bengali daily to an English-language daily literally overnight, completely bypassing the law which only applied to vernacular languages.
Champion of the Masses: The newspaper vigorously championed the cause of the peasants, especially during the Pabna agrarian leagues, and later actively promoted the extremist faction’s ideology led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak during the Swadeshi movement. It played a highly vital, long-term role in radicalizing Indian youth against colonial subjugation.

📌 Press & Literature

Q.4) Bal Gangadhar Tilak used his newspapers to awaken the masses. While Kesari was published in Marathi, in which language was Mahratta published?

Ans > English

Dual Linguistic Strategy: To maximize his political reach and awaken the masses against British imperialism, Bal Gangadhar Tilak launched two newspapers simultaneously in 1881: Kesari (The Lion) in Marathi and Mahratta in English. While Kesari was specifically designed to ignite grassroots nationalism and mass mobilization among the Marathi-speaking commoners, Mahratta had a distinct and equally important strategic purpose.
Targeting the Intelligentsia: Published entirely in English, Mahratta was aimed directly at the highly educated Indian elite, the legal fraternity, and the British administrative circles. It provided deep, analytical, and highly articulate critiques of British economic policies, administrative failures, and the systematic drain of Indian wealth, presenting the Indian Extremist viewpoint in a sophisticated language the colonial masters could not easily dismiss.
Tool for Extremist Ideology: Under Tilak’s fiery, uncompromising leadership, Mahratta became a massive platform for the ‘Extremist’ faction of the Indian National Congress. It loudly demanded ‘Swaraj’ (self-rule) as a birthright, openly criticized the ‘Moderate’ faction’s weak policy of mere petitions and prayers, and strongly advocated for aggressive political action like the Boycott and Swadeshi movements.

📌 Press & Reformers

Q.5) The highly influential Urdu weekly Al Hilal, which played a vital role in forging Hindu-Muslim unity and spreading nationalist ideas, was started in 1912 by whom?

Ans > Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

A Revolutionary Voice in Urdu: Launched in 1912 by the brilliant 24-year-old scholar Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Al Hilal (The Crescent) was a groundbreaking Urdu weekly that fundamentally changed the landscape of Muslim political thought in India. It boldly and explicitly departed from the conservative, pro-British loyalism that had been previously promoted by the Aligarh movement under Syed Ahmed Khan.
Forging Hindu-Muslim Unity: Azad utilized the newspaper’s immense, unprecedented popularity to passionately urge Indian Muslims to join hands with their Hindu brethren in the mainstream national freedom struggle against British colonial rule. He argued powerfully that Islam inherently demanded freedom and that anti-imperialism was a religious duty, significantly bridging the communal divide during the early 20th century.
British Suppression and Legacy: Because of its highly fiery, anti-colonial editorials, powerful prose, and immense mass appeal among the youth, the British government viewed Al Hilal as a massive threat to their divide-and-rule policy. Under the strict Press Act of 1914, the British relentlessly demanded huge securities and eventually confiscated its press in 1914, forcing its closure. Azad, undefeated, immediately started another paper, Al Balagh.

📌 Press & Movements

Q.6) The English-language weekly newspaper Comrade, founded in 1911, became a prominent voice of the Khilafat Movement. Who was its editor?

Ans > Maulana Mohammad Ali

Voice of Pan-Islamic Nationalism: Founded in 1911 by Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar (one of the famous Ali Brothers), Comrade was an immensely influential English-language weekly newspaper. It played a highly pivotal role in shaping modern Muslim political consciousness, brilliantly articulating the deep grievances of Indian Muslims on a global stage while strongly advocating for a united Indian struggle against British imperialism.
The Khilafat Movement Catalyst: The newspaper gained massive international prominence for its fierce, uncompromising defense of the Ottoman Caliphate and its staunch opposition to British machinations in the Middle East following World War I. It became the primary intellectual mouthpiece for the Khilafat Movement, heavily mobilizing Muslim youth and intellectuals to actively participate in Gandhi’s massive Non-Cooperation Movement in the early 1920s.
Journalistic Brilliance and Persecution: Known for its impeccable English, sharp wit, and fearless anti-colonial rhetoric, Comrade frequently drew the extreme wrath of the British administration. The paper was highly instrumental in exposing colonial atrocities, which led to significant public agitation. Mohammad Ali’s uncompromising, seditious writings ultimately led to the paper’s suppression under the draconian Press Act and his own lengthy imprisonment.

📌 Social Reform

Q.7) To propagate his ideas and social campaigns against untouchability, Mahatma Gandhi launched which weekly journal in 1933?

Ans > Harijan

A Paradigm Shift in Terminology: Launched in 1933 by Mahatma Gandhi, Harijan (which translates directly to ‘Children of God’) was an English-language weekly journal that marked a profound shift in Gandhi’s political focus from direct civil disobedience towards intense, internal social reform. He explicitly coined the term ‘Harijan’ to bestow religious and social dignity upon the depressed classes and untouchables of India.
Crusade Against Untouchability: Following the massive political and emotional fallout of his fast during the Poona Pact, Gandhi dedicated this journal almost entirely to the absolute eradication of the brutal practice of untouchability within Hindu society. The publication systematically attacked orthodox caste discrimination, championed temple entry movements for Dalits, and relentlessly advocated for their absolute educational, hygienic, and economic upliftment.
Multilingual Reach and Legacy: Recognizing the immense need for grassroots penetration, Gandhi didn’t just stop at English; he simultaneously launched Harijan Sevak in Hindi and Harijanbandhu in Gujarati. The journal intentionally avoided mainstream political controversies and anti-British agitation, focusing purely on constructive social work, village industries, and sanitation, becoming the moral compass for the nation’s socio-cultural awakening.

📌 Spiritual Reform

Q.8) The English-language monthly journal Prabuddha Bharata (Awakened India) was founded in 1896 to spread the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa under the inspiration of whom?

Ans > Swami Vivekananda

Vedantic Awakening: Founded in 1896 under the direct inspiration and spiritual guidance of Swami Vivekananda, Prabuddha Bharata (Awakened India) is an English-language monthly journal that remains one of the longest-running publications in India’s history. It was established primarily to disseminate the powerful, universal teachings of Sri Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and to aggressively spread Vivekananda’s highly dynamic vision of Practical Vedanta.
Spiritual Nationalism: The journal played a monumental, foundational role in the cultural and spiritual renaissance of modern India. Unlike purely political papers, it heavily focused on deep character building, immense spiritual strength, and the eradication of social evils through mass education. Vivekananda famously used its pages to urge Indian youth to develop “muscles of iron and nerves of steel” to uplift the impoverished masses.
Global Intellectual Bridge: Edited initially by his brilliant disciples in Madras and later moved permanently to the Advaita Ashrama in the Himalayas, the journal attracted massive literary contributions from global intellectuals, philosophers, and prominent nationalist leaders. It successfully bridged ancient Indian philosophy with modern scientific thought, providing a deep spiritual bedrock for the subsequent political freedom struggle led by figures like Aurobindo Ghosh.

📌 Books & Authors

Q.9) Which prominent social reformer from Maharashtra authored the book Gulamgiri (Slavery) in 1873, dedicating it to the anti-slavery movement in the United States?

Ans > Jyotiba Phule

A Searing Critique of the Caste System: Authored in 1873 by the legendary Maharashtrian social reformer Mahatma Jyotiba Phule, Gulamgiri (meaning ‘Slavery’) is a groundbreaking and highly provocative text that systematically dismantled the Brahmanical domination and the rigid, oppressive caste hierarchy of Hindu society. Written in the form of a sharp, logical dialogue, it exposed the historical exploitation of the Shudras and Ati-Shudras by the upper castes.
International Solidarity and Inspiration: In a highly visionary, unprecedented move, Phule explicitly dedicated the book to the “good people of the United States” who were actively fighting to abolish the brutal system of Black slavery. By drawing this massive international parallel, Phule brilliantly framed the Indian caste system not merely as a religious tradition, but as an institutionalized form of deeply inhuman slavery that required absolute abolition.
Foundation of the Satyashodhak Samaj: The explosive, highly rational ideas presented in Gulamgiri directly laid the ideological foundation for the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth Seekers’ Society), which Phule founded the very same year. The book became a massive rallying cry for the lower castes, passionately advocating for their right to education, challenging the monopoly of the priesthood, and demanding absolute social and political equality.

📌 Literature & Nationalism

Q.10) The national song ‘Vande Mataram’ was taken from the classic Bengali novel Anandamath, which was set against the backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion. Who authored it?

Ans > Bankim Chandra Chatterjee

The Genesis of Vande Mataram: Published in 1882 by the legendary Bengali literary giant Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Anandamath (The Abbey of Bliss) is arguably the most influential political novel in Indian history. Its greatest legacy is the inclusion of the immortal poem ‘Vande Mataram’ (I bow to thee, Mother), which instantly became the massive, unifying battle cry for the entire Indian independence movement, elevating the nation to the status of a divine motherland.
Backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion: The novel is historically set against the devastating, horrific backdrop of the massive Bengal famine of 1770 and the subsequent armed Sanyasi Rebellion. It brilliantly romanticizes the armed struggle of ascetic warriors (Sanyasis) against the deeply corrupt and exploitative forces of the British East India Company and their local tax collectors, promoting the idea of militant, selfless patriotism.
Blueprint for Revolutionary Nationalism: Anandamath profoundly shaped the ideology of early 20th-century revolutionaries in Bengal and Maharashtra. By seamlessly blending deep religious devotion with aggressive, uncompromising nationalism, Chatterjee provided the spiritual justification for armed resistance. The British administration recognized its massive explosive potential, and the book’s themes heavily inspired secret revolutionary societies like the Anushilan Samiti and Jugantar.

📌 Plays & Resistance

Q.11) The famous Bengali play Nil Darpan vividly exposed the atrocities of British indigo planters on Indian peasants. Who was its author?

Ans > Dinabandhu Mitra

A Masterpiece of Social Realism: Written in 1860 by the prominent Bengali dramatist Dinabandhu Mitra, Nil Darpan (The Indigo Planting Mirror) is a monumental play that stands as a defining piece of Indian literature. It brutally and vividly depicted the horrifying realities of the forced Indigo cultivation system, where British planters subjected poor Bengali peasants to extreme physical torture, illegal confinement, and massive economic extortion.
Catalyst for the Indigo Revolt: The play wasn’t merely a literary work; it was a massive, highly effective political weapon. It perfectly captured the boiling anger of the masses and played a highly crucial role in escalating the Indigo Revolt (Nil Bidroho) of 1859-60. The dramatic, heartbreaking representation of the peasants’ suffering galvanized the educated urban intelligentsia in Kolkata to actively support the rural agrarian struggle against British imperialism.
The Reverend James Long Controversy: The play’s immense political impact deeply terrified the British administration. When Reverend James Long, a highly sympathetic British missionary, published its English translation (which was secretly translated by the legendary poet Michael Madhusudan Dutt), the British indigo planters furiously sued him for libel. Long was famously heavily fined and subjected to a month’s imprisonment, an event that actually massive amplified the play’s fame.

📌 Economic Nationalism

Q.12) Which early nationalist leader systematically propounded the “Drain of Wealth” theory in his seminal book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

Ans > Dadabhai Naoroji

The Drain of Wealth Theory: Published by the highly respected “Grand Old Man of India,” Dadabhai Naoroji, this seminal book is the absolute cornerstone of Indian economic nationalism. Naoroji meticulously utilized massive amounts of financial and statistical data to scientifically prove the “Drain of Wealth” theory, demonstrating exactly how British colonial policies were systematically siphoning off India’s immense wealth to Britain, leaving the subcontinent in perpetual, devastating poverty.
Exposing the “Un-British” Hypocrisy: Naoroji cleverly used the term “Un-British” in the title to highlight the massive, glaring hypocrisy of the colonial masters. He argued that while the British prided themselves on justice, liberty, and fair play within their own borders, their administrative and economic policies in India were purely extractive, deeply oppressive, and completely contrary to their stated democratic ideals.
Catalyst for the Moderate Leadership: This groundbreaking economic critique provided the early moderate leaders of the Indian National Congress with their most powerful, unassailable intellectual weapon against British rule. By shifting the political debate from mere representation to the brutal realities of economic exploitation—such as heavy taxation, unrequited exports, and the massive financial burden of the British Indian Army—Naoroji laid the unshakeable foundation for the demand for ‘Swaraj’.

📌 Revolutionary History

Q.13) In 1909, who authored the highly influential book The Indian War of Independence, 1857, challenging the British narrative of a mere “sepoy mutiny”?

Ans > V.D. Savarkar

Rewriting Colonial History: Authored in 1909 by the fierce revolutionary Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, this book was a monumental attempt to completely reclaim and rewrite Indian history. While the British colonial historians deliberately dismissed the massive events of 1857 as a mere, disorganized “sepoy mutiny,” Savarkar meticulously researched archives to brilliantly reframe the uprising as India’s First War of Independence—a highly planned, nationalistic struggle to overthrow foreign rule.
A Manual for Armed Revolution: Savarkar did not merely write history; he wrote a highly explosive political manifesto. He heavily glorified the incredible sacrifices of leaders like Rani Lakshmibai, Nana Sahib, and Mangal Pandey, deliberately aiming to ignite a fierce spirit of militant nationalism among the youth. He argued forcefully that armed revolution was a highly legitimate and historically justified method to achieve absolute political freedom.
The Ban and Underground Circulation: The British intelligence network recognized the book’s massive subversive potential even before its official publication. It holds the rare distinction of being strictly banned by the British government before it was even printed. Consequently, the book was secretly published in Holland and smuggled into India hidden inside false book covers, becoming the absolute “bible” for secret revolutionary societies like the HSRA.

📌 Philosophical Texts

Q.14) The seminal book Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule), which heavily critiques modern Western civilization and outlines the concept of Satyagraha, was written by whom?

Ans > Mahatma Gandhi

The Foundational Manifesto: Written in 1909 during a sea voyage from London to South Africa, Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule) is the foundational text of Mahatma Gandhi’s entire political, economic, and spiritual philosophy. Written in the highly accessible form of a Socratic dialogue between an ‘Editor’ and a ‘Reader,’ it provides a comprehensive, radical blueprint for exactly how India could achieve true independence, not just politically, but culturally.
A Savage Critique of Western Civilization: The book is most famous for its absolute, unsparing critique of modern Western civilization, which Gandhi condemned as deeply materialistic, soulless, and inherently violent. He heavily criticized the modern industrial system, the legal profession, railways, and Western medicine, arguing that mimicking British institutions would merely result in “English rule without the Englishman,” completely failing to bring true freedom to the Indian masses.
The Concept of Satyagraha: Hind Swaraj explicitly rejects the extremist methods of armed rebellion and political terrorism that were popular at the time. Instead, Gandhi meticulously outlined his revolutionary concept of ‘Satyagraha’ (soul-force or truth-force) and passive resistance. He argued that true Swaraj requires intense self-discipline, the absolute rejection of violence, and the promotion of Swadeshi (self-reliance), specifically through the revival of village industries.

📌 Books & Authors

Q.15) The Discovery of India, a sweeping history of the Indian subcontinent, was written by Jawaharlal Nehru while he was imprisoned in which fort during the Quit India Movement?

Ans > Ahmednagar Fort

A Journey of Historical Synthesis: Written by Jawaharlal Nehru between 1942 and 1946 while he was incarcerated by the British in the Ahmednagar Fort during the massive Quit India Movement, The Discovery of India is a sprawling, deeply philosophical, and highly romanticized history of the Indian subcontinent. Nehru wrote the book to discover the true essence of India’s ancient civilization and to trace its long, unbroken cultural continuity through millennia.
Unity in Diversity: A central, monumental theme of the book is Nehru’s powerful, deeply poetic articulation of India’s inherent “unity in diversity.” He systematically rejected the British colonial narrative that India was merely a fractured collection of conflicting religious and ethnic groups. Instead, he brilliantly highlighted the massive historical capacity of Indian culture to absorb, synthesize, and harmonize diverse foreign influences into a single, vibrant national identity.
Blueprint for a Modern Nation: While heavily rooted in ancient history, the book was ultimately a forward-looking political manifesto for an independent, democratic republic. Nehru seamlessly blended his deep appreciation for India’s rich philosophical heritage with his staunch commitment to modern scientific temper, secularism, and democratic socialism, providing the ultimate intellectual framework for the post-independence Indian state.

📌 Autobiographies

Q.16) Which prominent leader of the Indian freedom struggle authored the autobiographical account India Wins Freedom?

Ans > Maulana Abul Kalam Azad

An Unfiltered Inside Perspective: Authored by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, one of the most prominent, towering leaders of the Indian National Congress and the first Education Minister of independent India, India Wins Freedom is a highly candid and deeply personal autobiographical account. It provides an unparalleled, behind-the-scenes insider’s view of the crucial, highly turbulent political events that culminated in India’s independence and the massive tragedy of Partition.
A Staunch Opponent of Partition: Azad, a highly respected Islamic scholar and a fierce advocate of Hindu-Muslim unity, used the book to express his profound, heartbreaking anguish over the division of the subcontinent. He meticulously detailed his massive, relentless efforts to prevent Partition, strongly advocating for a decentralized, united federal structure as proposed by the Cabinet Mission Plan, and explaining why he believed the creation of Pakistan would harm Muslims.
Controversial Critiques of Leadership: The book is immensely famous (and highly controversial) for Azad’s brutally honest and highly critical assessments of his closest colleagues. He did not shy away from deeply criticizing Jawaharlal Nehru’s famous 1946 press conference regarding the Cabinet Mission Plan, and he heavily questioned Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s rapid acceptance of Lord Mountbatten’s partition plan, making the book a vital primary historical source.

📌 Books & Philosophy

Q.17) Which prominent Indian nationalist authored the philosophical treatise Gita Rahasya while imprisoned in Mandalay, Burma?

Ans > Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Prison Scholarship and Karmayoga: Written by the fierce nationalist leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak during his grueling six-year political imprisonment (1908-1914) in Mandalay, Burma, Gita Rahasya (The Secret of the Gita) is a monumental, 1000-page philosophical treatise. Without access to a massive library, Tilak wrote the entire manuscript in Marathi using a pencil, showcasing his unparalleled command over ancient Sanskrit scriptures and Hindu philosophy.
Reinterpreting the Bhagavad Gita: For centuries, dominant commentaries on the Gita (like those by Adi Shankaracharya) heavily emphasized ‘Sanyasa’ (renunciation of the world) or ‘Bhakti’ (pure devotion). Tilak radically shattered this tradition by brilliantly reinterpreting the scripture as a definitive manual for ‘Karmayoga’—the path of massive, selfless, and dynamic action performed without any attachment to the final fruits or personal rewards.
Philosophical Justification for Revolution: This reinterpretation was an act of profound political genius. By arguing that Lord Krishna was actively urging Arjuna to fight a righteous war against injustice rather than retreating to a forest, Tilak provided a highly robust, deeply religious justification for active, militant participation in the Indian freedom struggle. He essentially weaponized Hindu philosophy to combat political apathy among the masses.

📌 Books & Authors

Q.18) The book The Arctic Home in the Vedas, which argues that the ancestors of the Vedic people lived in the Arctic region, was written by whom?

Ans > Bal Gangadhar Tilak

A Unique Blend of Astronomy and Antiquity: Published in 1903, The Arctic Home in the Vedas showcases the immense, multifaceted intellectual depth of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, moving far beyond his role as a fiery political agitator. In this highly complex book, Tilak utilized his deep knowledge of ancient Vedic Sanskrit, comparative mythology, geology, and intricate astronomical calculations to propose a highly unorthodox theory regarding the origins of the Aryan people.
The Polar Hypothesis: Tilak meticulously analyzed specific hymns in the Rig Veda that described natural phenomena completely alien to the Indian subcontinent—such as extremely long days and nights lasting for months, and distinct constellations spinning overhead rather than rising and setting. Based on these highly specific textual clues, he aggressively hypothesized that the ancient ancestors of the Vedic people originally inhabited the Arctic polar region before massive geological glaciation forced migration.
Challenging Western Orientalism: While the theory remains highly debated among modern historians and archaeologists, the book was a massive intellectual statement during the colonial era. It proved that Indian scholars could confidently engage in high-level historical and linguistic research, aggressively challenging the established narratives of Western Orientalist scholars like Max Müller, and attempting to push the antiquity of Vedic civilization thousands of years further back into history.

📌 Religious Reform Texts

Q.19) Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Meaning of the Truth), one of the most important texts of the Arya Samaj, was written by whom?

Ans > Swami Dayanand Saraswati

The Magnum Opus of the Arya Samaj: Written in Hindi in 1875 by the great reformist monk Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Meaning of the Truth) is the absolute foundational text and the most authoritative ideological manual of the Arya Samaj movement. The book was a massive, highly aggressive effort to completely purify Hinduism by stripping away centuries of what Dayanand considered corrupt later additions and supersititions.
The Call of “Back to the Vedas”: The core thesis of the book is Dayanand’s fierce, uncompromising assertion that the ancient, original Vedas are the only true, infallible source of divine knowledge. He utilized the text to systematically and heavily denounce later Puranic Hinduism, strongly rejecting idol worship, the deeply oppressive caste system based on birth, child marriage, and the practice of untouchability, advocating instead for a completely egalitarian society.
A Highly Polemical Critique: Satyarth Prakash is intensely famous for its highly polemical and fearless tone. Dayanand did not just reform his own religion; he dedicated specific chapters to conduct massive, highly critical logical analyses of other major faiths, including Islam, Christianity, Jainism, and Buddhism. This aggressive defense of Vedic supremacy played a massive role in sparking a militant sense of Hindu cultural pride.

📌 Books & Critiques

Q.20) The book Unhappy India, which forcefully refuted the claims made by Katherine Mayo in her controversial book Mother India, was written by whom?

Ans > Lala Lajpat Rai

A Fierce Rebuttal to Imperialist Propaganda: Published in 1928 by the legendary “Lion of Punjab,” Lala Lajpat Rai, Unhappy India was written as a direct, highly aggressive response to the deeply controversial book Mother India (1927) authored by the American journalist Katherine Mayo. Mayo’s book was heavily supported by British intelligence and portrayed Indian society as hopelessly backward, essentially arguing that Indians were completely unfit for self-government.
Dismantling Mayo’s Narrative: Lajpat Rai utilized his massive intellect and deep understanding of global history to completely demolish Mayo’s biased, cherry-picked arguments. He systematically proved that the social evils in India (which he openly acknowledged needed reform) were significantly exacerbated by the massive economic drain, deliberate lack of education, and systemic poverty directly caused by British colonial rule, rather than inherent cultural inferiority.
Comparative International Critique: Rather than merely defending India, Lajpat Rai aggressively went on the offensive. He heavily cited extensive sociological data from the United States and Great Britain to highlight massive hypocrisies, pointing out severe issues of racism, women’s exploitation, and child labor in Western nations. Unhappy India served as a massive morale booster for the nationalist movement, brilliantly exposing intellectual racism.

📌 Revolutionary Literature

Q.21) The revolutionary memoir and manual Bandi Jiwan (A Life of Captivity), which served as a textbook for young revolutionaries, was authored by which founding member of the HRA?

Ans > Sachindra Nath Sanyal

The Revolutionary Bible: Authored by Sachindra Nath Sanyal, one of the most senior, brilliant, and widely respected founding members of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), Bandi Jiwan (A Life of Captivity) is one of the most important pieces of literature in the history of the Indian armed struggle. Sanyal wrote this highly influential memoir while enduring brutal conditions serving a life sentence in the infamous Cellular Jail.
A Manual for Underground Action: The book was far more than a mere autobiography; it functioned as the ultimate, definitive textbook and ideological manual for an entire generation of fiery young revolutionaries. It meticulously detailed the immense sacrifices, the complex logistics of underground networking, the deeply emotional struggles, and the profound, uncompromising patriotic philosophy required to fight the heavily armed British Empire.
Massive Inspiration for the HSRA: Bandi Jiwan became an absolute sensation among the youth. It was widely translated into multiple regional languages and secretly circulated in highly classified underground study circles across Bengal, Punjab, and the United Provinces. Its profound, stoic philosophy regarding duty and sacrifice heavily influenced the massive political evolution of legendary figures like Bhagat Singh, Chandrashekhar Azad, and Ramprasad Bismil.

📌 Nationalist Novels

Q.22) The highly influential Bengali political novel Pather Dabi (The Demand of the Right of Way), banned by the British for its revolutionary themes, was written by whom?

Ans > Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay

Literature as Subversion: Published serially and then as a book in 1926 by the immensely popular Bengali novelist Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, Pather Dabi (The Demand of the Right of Way) was an explosive, highly controversial political novel. It completely shattered the mold of Chattopadhyay’s usual domestic dramas by plunging deeply into the dangerous, highly classified world of underground armed resistance and international anti-imperialist conspiracies against British rule.
The Enigmatic Sabyasachi: The novel revolves around the incredibly charismatic, highly educated, and elusive revolutionary leader Sabyasachi, who brilliantly operates an underground society named Pather Dabi in British-ruled Burma. Through Sabyasachi’s fiery, uncompromising speeches, the novel heavily criticized the moderate policies of the Indian National Congress and openly, unapologetically glorified violent, armed revolution as the only legitimate path to absolute freedom.
Immediate Ban and Massive Popularity: The British intelligence apparatus immediately recognized the massive threat posed by the novel’s immense popularity among Bengali youth. The government swiftly banned the book under draconian sedition laws, strictly forbidding its printing and circulation. Predictably, this massive suppression only skyrocketed its legendary status, and thousands of illegal, underground copies were secretly printed and devoured by aspiring freedom fighters.

📌 Social Justice Texts

Q.23) The groundbreaking and highly critical text Annihilation of Caste, originally prepared as a speech for the Jat-Pat Todak Mandal in 1936, was written by whom?

Ans > Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

The Undelivered Masterpiece: Annihilation of Caste (1936) is arguably the most groundbreaking, fiercely logical, and highly radical critique of the Hindu social order ever written. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar originally prepared the text as the presidential address for the Jat-Pat Todak Mandal (Society for the Abolition of Caste System) in Lahore. When the upper-caste organizers demanded revisions to its uncompromising attack on Hindu scriptures, Ambedkar flatly refused, leading to the cancellation of the conference.
Dismantling the Shastras: Ambedkar self-published the undelivered speech, creating an absolute intellectual earthquake. He brilliantly argued that the caste system is not merely a social division of labor, but a deeply brutal division of laborers. He forcefully asserted that true social reform is impossible without completely blowing up the religious foundations that justify it, specifically calling for the total rejection of the authority of the Shastras and Smritis.
The Debate with Gandhi: The publication of this explosive text sparked a highly famous, massive intellectual debate between Dr. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi in the pages of Gandhi’s journal Harijan. While Gandhi defended the idealized concept of Varna, Ambedkar systematically dismantled this defense, proving that Varna inevitably degenerates into the deeply oppressive, discriminatory, and inhuman reality of the modern caste system.

📌 Revolutionary Essays

Q.24) The powerful and rationalist essay Why I am an Atheist was written in 1930 by which prominent revolutionary while awaiting execution in Lahore Central Jail?

Ans > Bhagat Singh

The Triumph of Rationality: Written in 1930 while awaiting execution in the condemned cells of the Lahore Central Jail, Why I am an Atheist is a profound, fiercely logical, and highly courageous essay by the legendary 23-year-old revolutionary Bhagat Singh. The essay was specifically written to address a deeply religious fellow prisoner who accused Bhagat Singh of abandoning God out of sheer vanity and youthful arrogance in the face of death.
From Believer to Marxist: In the essay, Bhagat Singh meticulously traces his own massive intellectual evolution. He details his journey from a deeply devout Arya Samaji youth who regularly chanted the Gayatri Mantra, to an absolute, highly read Marxist rationalist. He explains that his atheism was not a sudden reaction, but the massive result of relentless study of history, economics, and international revolutionary literature, leading him to heavily reject blind faith.
Rejecting the Crutch of Religion: The essay is a massive testament to his unbelievable psychological strength. Bhagat Singh argued that believing in a supernatural savior is a crutch for the weak. He asserted that a true revolutionary must boldly face the brutal reality of their impending execution without the comforting, cowardly illusion of heaven or divine intervention, standing entirely on their own moral convictions.

📌 Press & Swadeshi

Q.25) The English-language daily Bande Mataram became a powerful voice for the Extremist faction during the Swadeshi Movement. Who was its most prominent editor?

Ans > Aurobindo Ghosh

The Voice of Extremism: Founded in 1906 by the fiery nationalist Bipin Chandra Pal, the English-language daily Bande Mataram reached its massive, legendary status under the brilliant editorial leadership of Aurobindo Ghosh. During the incredibly highly charged atmosphere of the Swadeshi Movement (sparked by the 1905 Partition of Bengal), the newspaper became the absolute most powerful and articulate voice of the ‘Extremist’ faction of the Indian National Congress.
Demanding Purna Swaraj: Unlike the Moderate leaders who were merely begging for minor administrative reforms and dominion status within the British Empire, Bande Mataram boldly, consistently, and aggressively demanded absolute, complete independence (Purna Swaraj). Aurobindo used his highly sophisticated, cutting English prose to systematically destroy the intellectual justifications for British rule, making the paper immensely popular among the educated youth.
Passive Resistance and Sedition: The paper was instrumental in laying down a highly comprehensive strategy for massive passive resistance, including the complete boycott of British goods, courts, and educational institutions. Because of its massive influence, the British government desperately filed sedition charges against Aurobindo in the famous Bande Mataram sedition case (1907), though he brilliantly escaped conviction due to a lack of concrete evidence identifying him as the editor.

📌 Nationalist Poetry

Q.26) The nationalist poem “Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna” became an anthem for revolutionaries in India. Who originally wrote it?

Ans > Bismil Azimabadi

The True Authorship: While this highly immortal, deeply emotional nationalist poem is almost exclusively associated with the legendary revolutionary martyr Ramprasad Bismil, it was actually originally penned in 1921 by Syed Bismil Azimabadi, a passionate Urdu poet from Patna, Bihar. The poem was first published in the Delhi-based journal Sabah, capturing the boiling anti-imperialist sentiment of the era.
The Anthem of the HSRA: The poem truly achieved its massive, legendary, and iconic status when it was deeply adopted as the ultimate battle anthem by the young, fiery revolutionaries of the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), specifically Ramprasad Bismil, Ashfaqulla Khan, and Bhagat Singh. The hauntingly beautiful verses perfectly encapsulated their intense, fearless desire to sacrifice their lives on the altar of the motherland.
The Kakori Trial: The poem was repeatedly and defiantly sung by Ramprasad Bismil and his fellow comrades while they were heavily shackled in the courtroom during the infamous Kakori Conspiracy trial, and ultimately, as they bravely walked to the execution gallows. The opening lines (“Sarfaroshi ki tamanna ab hamaare dil mein hai”) remain one of the most universally recognized symbols of absolute patriotic defiance in Indian history.

📌 Revolutionary Slogans

Q.27) The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” (Long Live the Revolution) was popularized by Bhagat Singh, but who originally coined the phrase in 1921?

Ans > Hasrat Mohani

Coining the Revolution: The incredibly powerful slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” (which translates to “Long Live the Revolution”) is eternally linked in the public consciousness with the legendary martyr Bhagat Singh. However, the phrase was originally coined in 1921 by Maulana Hasrat Mohani, a brilliant Urdu poet, fierce anti-colonial freedom fighter, and one of the very first leaders to officially demand complete independence for India in the Congress platform.
The Battle Cry of the HSRA: Bhagat Singh and the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) adopted this slogan to signify a massive ideological shift. For them, “Inquilab” did not just mean a mere transfer of political power from the British to the Indian elite; it signified a massive, total, and complete socio-economic revolution to obliterate the deeply exploitative capitalist and imperialist systems entirely.
The Central Assembly Bombing: The slogan famously echoed across the entire nation and became immortalized in history on April 8, 1929. Immediately after flawlessly executing the plan to drop harmless smoke bombs in the Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi, Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt did not flee. Instead, they stood their ground, heavily rained down revolutionary leaflets, and fiercely shouted “Inquilab Zindabad,” instantly transforming the slogan into the ultimate roar of the Indian youth.

📌 Extremist Press

Q.28) The revolutionary and deeply nationalist Bengali periodical Sandhya was founded and published by whom?

Ans > Brahmabandhab Upadhyay

Radical Journalism in Bengal: Founded in 1906 during the absolute peak of the Swadeshi Movement against the deeply hated Partition of Bengal, Sandhya was a fiery, deeply nationalist Bengali evening daily. It was founded, edited, and published by Brahmabandhab Upadhyay, a highly complex and brilliant figure who was a Catholic theologian, a Vedantic scholar, and a fiercely uncompromising extremist political thinker.
Preaching Absolute Defiance: Sandhya was incredibly famous for its highly aggressive, sarcastic, and colloquial Bengali style, completely shunning the sophisticated, polite language used by the Moderate politicians. It openly, unapologetically preached armed rebellion, absolute non-cooperation, and complete independence. Upadhyay fiercely argued that foreign rule was a massive spiritual sin, and fighting the British was a divine duty.
The Ultimate Sedition Trial: The massive impact of Sandhya among the Bengali masses deeply alarmed the British, who quickly arrested Upadhyay for severe sedition. In a highly legendary move of absolute defiance, Upadhyay completely refused to defend himself in the British court, famously declaring that he did not recognize the authority of a foreign power to try him. He tragically died in the hospital while the trial was still ongoing.

📌 Swadeshi Movement

Q.29) The suggestion to boycott British goods was first made in 1905 in the Bengali journal Sanjibani. Who was its editor?

Ans > Krishna Kumar Mitra

The Genesis of the Boycott: In July 1905, immediately after the highly arrogant Viceroy Lord Curzon officially announced the deeply divisive Partition of Bengal on communal lines, the massive public backlash required a concrete political strategy. It was the widely respected Bengali journal Sanjibani, edited by the prominent moderate leader Krishna Kumar Mitra, that historically became the very first publication to explicitly and forcefully suggest a complete, nationwide boycott of all British manufactured goods.
Economic Weaponry: Mitra’s massive, revolutionary editorial proposed that mere petitions and political meetings were completely useless against the deaf British administration. He argued that the only way to severely hurt the British Empire was to massively strike at its economic heart by completely refusing to buy Manchester cloth, Liverpool salt, and foreign sugar, thereby hitting the incredibly lucrative profits of the British capitalists.
Igniting the Swadeshi Movement: This highly powerful suggestion in Sanjibani rapidly caught fire across the nation, instantly becoming the absolute core economic and political strategy of the massive Swadeshi Movement. The boycott transformed the anti-partition agitation from a mere regional protest in Bengal into a massive, pan-Indian mass movement that deeply rattled the foundations of British economic dominance in the subcontinent.

📌 Dalit Press

Q.30) The fortnightly Marathi newspaper Mooknayak (Leader of the Voiceless), launched in 1920 to champion the rights of the depressed classes, was founded by whom?

Ans > Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

The Voice of the Voiceless: Launched on January 31, 1920, Mooknayak (which translates to “Leader of the Voiceless” or “Hero of the Dumb”) was a profoundly historic fortnightly Marathi newspaper. It was the very first journalistic venture established by the legendary Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. The publication was explicitly dedicated to heavily articulating the agonizing suffering, massive social boycott, and basic human rights of the millions of untouchables and depressed classes in India.
Royal Patronage and Independence: Recognizing the massive, urgent need for a dedicated platform for the depressed classes, the enlightened ruler Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur generously provided crucial, significant financial assistance to launch the newspaper. Despite this royal backing, Ambedkar maintained absolute, uncompromising editorial independence, using the platform to fiercely attack the deeply entrenched, brutal orthodoxies of the Hindu caste system.
Laying the Movement’s Foundation: Mooknayak played a massive, foundational role in sparking the organized Dalit movement in Maharashtra. Through his highly logical, heavily researched, and brilliantly articulated editorials, Ambedkar laid the initial intellectual groundwork for his lifelong, relentless crusade for absolute social justice, massive political representation, and the total annihilation of caste discrimination, challenging the mainstream Congress to prioritize social reform.

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 118

Sambad Kaumudi: Pioneering Bengali weekly by Raja Rammohan Roy against Sati.
Som Prakash: Started by Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, backed Indigo cultivators.
Amrita Bazar Patrika: By Ghosh brothers, evaded the Vernacular Press Act.
Mahratta: English newspaper published by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Al Hilal: Urdu weekly started by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad in 1912.
Comrade: English weekly by Khilafat leader Maulana Mohammad Ali.
Harijan: Journal launched by Mahatma Gandhi in 1933 against untouchability.
Prabuddha Bharata: Founded in 1896, inspired by Swami Vivekananda.
Gulamgiri: Authored in 1873 by Jyotiba Phule.
Anandamath: By Bankim Chandra Chatterjee; source of ‘Vande Mataram’.
Nil Darpan: Bengali play by Dinabandhu Mitra exposing indigo planters.
Poverty and Un-British Rule: By Dadabhai Naoroji, propounding the “Drain of Wealth” theory.
The Indian War of Independence: V.D. Savarkar’s 1909 book.
Hind Swaraj: Mahatma Gandhi’s critique of Western civilization.
Discovery of India: Written by Jawaharlal Nehru in Ahmednagar Fort.
India Wins Freedom: Autobiographical account by Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.
Gita Rahasya: Written by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in Mandalay prison.
The Arctic Home in the Vedas: Written by Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Satyarth Prakash: Core text of Arya Samaj by Swami Dayanand Saraswati.
Unhappy India: Written by Lala Lajpat Rai refuting Katherine Mayo.
Bandi Jiwan: Revolutionary memoir by Sachindra Nath Sanyal.
Pather Dabi: Banned revolutionary novel by Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay.
Annihilation of Caste: Groundbreaking 1936 text by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.
Why I am an Atheist: Rationalist essay by Bhagat Singh (1930).
Bande Mataram Daily: Prominently edited by Aurobindo Ghosh.
Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna: Originally penned by Bismil Azimabadi.
Inquilab Zindabad: Slogan coined by Hasrat Mohani in 1921.
Sandhya: Deeply nationalist periodical by Brahmabandhab Upadhyay.
Sanjibani: Edited by Krishna Kumar Mitra, first suggested boycott of British goods.
Mooknayak: Marathi newspaper founded by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar in 1920.

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Modern History Set 118

Q.1) The pioneering Bengali weekly newspaper Sambad Kaumudi, which actively campaigned against orthodox practices like Sati, was published by whom?

Q.2) Which influential Bengali social reformer started the newspaper Som Prakash in 1858, known for its staunch support of the Indigo cultivators?

Q.3) The powerful nationalist newspaper Amrita Bazar Patrika was famously converted from a Bengali to an English daily overnight in 1878 to evade the Vernacular Press Act. Who were its founders?

Q.4) Bal Gangadhar Tilak used his newspapers to awaken the masses. While Kesari was published in Marathi, in which language was Mahratta published?

Q.5) The highly influential Urdu weekly Al Hilal, which played a vital role in forging Hindu-Muslim unity and spreading nationalist ideas, was started in 1912 by whom?

Q.6) The English-language weekly newspaper Comrade, founded in 1911, became a prominent voice of the Khilafat Movement. Who was its editor?

Q.7) To propagate his ideas and social campaigns against untouchability, Mahatma Gandhi launched which weekly journal in 1933?

Q.8) The English-language monthly journal Prabuddha Bharata (Awakened India) was founded in 1896 to spread the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa under the inspiration of whom?

Q.9) Which prominent social reformer from Maharashtra authored the book Gulamgiri (Slavery) in 1873, dedicating it to the anti-slavery movement in the United States?

Q.10) The national song ‘Vande Mataram’ was taken from the classic Bengali novel Anandamath, which was set against the backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion. Who authored it?

Q.11) The famous Bengali play Nil Darpan vividly exposed the atrocities of British indigo planters on Indian peasants. Who was its author?

Q.12) Which early nationalist leader systematically propounded the “Drain of Wealth” theory in his seminal book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

Q.13) In 1909, who authored the highly influential book The Indian War of Independence, 1857, challenging the British narrative of a mere “sepoy mutiny”?

Q.14) The seminal book Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule), which heavily critiques modern Western civilization and outlines the concept of Satyagraha, was written by whom?

Q.15) The Discovery of India, a sweeping history of the Indian subcontinent, was written by Jawaharlal Nehru while he was imprisoned in which fort during the Quit India Movement?

Q.16) Which prominent leader of the Indian freedom struggle authored the autobiographical account India Wins Freedom?

Q.17) Which prominent Indian nationalist authored the philosophical treatise Gita Rahasya while imprisoned in Mandalay, Burma?

Q.18) The book The Arctic Home in the Vedas, which argues that the ancestors of the Vedic people lived in the Arctic region, was written by whom?

Q.19) Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Meaning of the Truth), one of the most important texts of the Arya Samaj, was written by whom?

Q.20) The book Unhappy India, which forcefully refuted the claims made by Katherine Mayo in her controversial book Mother India, was written by whom?

Q.21) The revolutionary memoir and manual Bandi Jiwan (A Life of Captivity), which served as a textbook for young revolutionaries, was authored by which founding member of the HRA?

Q.22) The highly influential Bengali political novel Pather Dabi (The Demand of the Right of Way), banned by the British for its revolutionary themes, was written by whom?

Q.23) The groundbreaking and highly critical text Annihilation of Caste, originally prepared as a speech for the Jat-Pat Todak Mandal in 1936, was written by whom?

Q.24) The powerful and rationalist essay Why I am an Atheist was written in 1930 by which prominent revolutionary while awaiting execution in Lahore Central Jail?

Q.25) The English-language daily Bande Mataram became a powerful voice for the Extremist faction during the Swadeshi Movement. Who was its most prominent editor?

Q.26) The nationalist poem “Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna” became an anthem for revolutionaries in India. Who originally wrote it?

Q.27) The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” (Long Live the Revolution) was popularized by Bhagat Singh, but who originally coined the phrase in 1921?

Q.28) The revolutionary and deeply nationalist Bengali periodical Sandhya was founded and published by whom?

Q.29) The suggestion to boycott British goods was first made in 1905 in the Bengali journal Sanjibani. Who was its editor?

Q.30) The fortnightly Marathi newspaper Mooknayak (Leader of the Voiceless), launched in 1920 to champion the rights of the depressed classes, was founded by whom?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 118

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Q.1) The pioneering Bengali weekly newspaper Sambad Kaumudi, which actively campaigned against orthodox practices like Sati, was published by whom?

Q.2) Which influential Bengali social reformer started the newspaper Som Prakash in 1858, known for its staunch support of the Indigo cultivators?

Q.3) The powerful nationalist newspaper Amrita Bazar Patrika was famously converted from a Bengali to an English daily overnight in 1878 to evade the Vernacular Press Act. Who were its founders?

Q.4) Bal Gangadhar Tilak used his newspapers to awaken the masses. While Kesari was published in Marathi, in which language was Mahratta published?

Q.5) The highly influential Urdu weekly Al Hilal, which played a vital role in forging Hindu-Muslim unity and spreading nationalist ideas, was started in 1912 by whom?

Q.6) The English-language weekly newspaper Comrade, founded in 1911, became a prominent voice of the Khilafat Movement. Who was its editor?

Q.7) To propagate his ideas and social campaigns against untouchability, Mahatma Gandhi launched which weekly journal in 1933?

Q.8) The English-language monthly journal Prabuddha Bharata (Awakened India) was founded in 1896 to spread the teachings of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa under the inspiration of whom?

Q.9) Which prominent social reformer from Maharashtra authored the book Gulamgiri (Slavery) in 1873, dedicating it to the anti-slavery movement in the United States?

Q.10) The national song ‘Vande Mataram’ was taken from the classic Bengali novel Anandamath, which was set against the backdrop of the Sanyasi Rebellion. Who authored it?

Q.11) The famous Bengali play Nil Darpan vividly exposed the atrocities of British indigo planters on Indian peasants. Who was its author?

Q.12) Which early nationalist leader systematically propounded the “Drain of Wealth” theory in his seminal book Poverty and Un-British Rule in India?

Q.13) In 1909, who authored the highly influential book The Indian War of Independence, 1857, challenging the British narrative of a mere “sepoy mutiny”?

Q.14) The seminal book Hind Swaraj (Indian Home Rule), which heavily critiques modern Western civilization and outlines the concept of Satyagraha, was written by whom?

Q.15) The Discovery of India, a sweeping history of the Indian subcontinent, was written by Jawaharlal Nehru while he was imprisoned in which fort during the Quit India Movement?

Q.16) Which prominent leader of the Indian freedom struggle authored the autobiographical account India Wins Freedom?

Q.17) Which prominent Indian nationalist authored the philosophical treatise Gita Rahasya while imprisoned in Mandalay, Burma?

Q.18) The book The Arctic Home in the Vedas, which argues that the ancestors of the Vedic people lived in the Arctic region, was written by whom?

Q.19) Satyarth Prakash (The Light of Meaning of the Truth), one of the most important texts of the Arya Samaj, was written by whom?

Q.20) The book Unhappy India, which forcefully refuted the claims made by Katherine Mayo in her controversial book Mother India, was written by whom?

Q.21) The revolutionary memoir and manual Bandi Jiwan (A Life of Captivity), which served as a textbook for young revolutionaries, was authored by which founding member of the HRA?

Q.22) The highly influential Bengali political novel Pather Dabi (The Demand of the Right of Way), banned by the British for its revolutionary themes, was written by whom?

Q.23) The groundbreaking and highly critical text Annihilation of Caste, originally prepared as a speech for the Jat-Pat Todak Mandal in 1936, was written by whom?

Q.24) The powerful and rationalist essay Why I am an Atheist was written in 1930 by which prominent revolutionary while awaiting execution in Lahore Central Jail?

Q.25) The English-language daily Bande Mataram became a powerful voice for the Extremist faction during the Swadeshi Movement. Who was its most prominent editor?

Q.26) The nationalist poem “Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna” became an anthem for revolutionaries in India. Who originally wrote it?

Q.27) The slogan “Inquilab Zindabad” (Long Live the Revolution) was popularized by Bhagat Singh, but who originally coined the phrase in 1921?

Q.28) The revolutionary and deeply nationalist Bengali periodical Sandhya was founded and published by whom?

Q.29) The suggestion to boycott British goods was first made in 1905 in the Bengali journal Sanjibani. Who was its editor?

Q.30) The fortnightly Marathi newspaper Mooknayak (Leader of the Voiceless), launched in 1920 to champion the rights of the depressed classes, was founded by whom?

📌 Quick Summary — Modern History Set 118

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

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