During the medieval period, the massive overland transportation of food grains and supplies was predominantly handled by a highly organized nomadic community known as the:

The Banjaras were nomadic traders and transporters who used vast herds of pack-oxen (called Tandas) to move grain and salt across the Indian subcontinent.

In the Mughal and early colonial period, the system where merchants provided cash advances and raw materials to artisans was known as the:

The Dadni system (from the Persian 'Dadan', to give) was an advance payment system giving capital to artisans to secure a monopoly.

Which Russian merchant visited the Bahmani Kingdom in the 1470s and left a detailed account of the vast inequalities?

Afanasy Nikitin was a Russian merchant who spent three years (1469–1472) in the Bahmani Sultanate and recorded the contrast between nobility and poverty.

What were the military commanders granted territories (Amaram) in the Vijayanagara empire called?

The Amaranayakas held Amaram (revenue assignments) and in return had to remit a portion to the king and maintain a specified military contingent.

Which of the Deccan Sultanates was the first to declare its independence in 1490?

The Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar was the first to assert its independence in 1490 from the Bahmani state.

The construction of which monument in the Delhi Sultanate marks the first use of the "true arch" and the "true dome" in India?

The Alai Darwaza represents the first use of the "true arch" (with a keystone) and "true dome" in India.

What was adopted as the standard unit of measurement under Alauddin Khalji's Masahat system?

The Biswa (one-twentieth of a Bigha) was declared the standard unit of measurement for fixing the state's revenue demand.

Babur's famous autobiography, the Tuzuk-i-Baburi (Baburnama), was originally written in which language?

Babur wrote his memoirs in his native tongue, Chagatai Turkic.

Which prominent noble translated the Baburnama from its original language into elegant Persian?

Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan, one of Akbar's Navaratnas, was a master linguist who translated the Baburnama into Persian in 1589.

In the Mughal administrative hierarchy, what was the title of the executive head of the Pargana (sub-district)?

The Shiqdar was the executive head of the Pargana responsible for law and order.

Which enlightened ruler of Kashmir was affectionately known by his subjects as "Bud Shah" (the Great King)?

Zain-ul-Abidin (1420–1470) was a remarkably liberal ruler of Kashmir whose policies earned him the title "Bud Shah."

The massive Adina Mosque was built at Pandua (Bengal) by:

Sikandar Shah of the Ilyas Shahi dynasty built the Adina Mosque at Pandua in 1373.

The mystical Bhakti poetry of Kashmir was profoundly enriched by a 14th-century female saint known as:

Lalleshwari (popularly known as Lal Ded) was a Kashmiri mystic whose Vakhs emphasized inner spiritual awakening.

Which 13th-century saint-poet authored the Bhavartha Deepika, a profound Marathi commentary on the Bhagavad Gita?

Jñāneśvar (Dnyaneshwar) wrote the Bhavartha Deepika (Dnyaneshwari) in the 13th century.

In the revenue administration of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire, what did the term Khalisa refer to?

Khalisa lands were crown territories administered directly by the state's revenue department.

In the Maratha administrative setup under Shivaji (Ashtapradhan), what was the specific title of the Commander-in-Chief?

The Sar-i-Naubat (or Senapati) was the supreme commander of the army.

In the socio-economic context of early medieval South India, what did the term Agraharam specifically denote?

An Agraharam was a tax-free village or a part of a village granted exclusively to Brahmans.

The epic poem Prithviraj Raso was composed by his court poet and friend:

Chand Bardai wrote the Prithviraj Raso detailing the exploits of Prithviraj Chauhan.

The detailed historical account of the Arab conquest of Sindh (AD 712) by Muhammad bin Qasim is preserved in which text?

The Chachnama is the primary historical source for the Arab conquest of Sindh.

The standard gold coin issued by the Vijayanagara Empire, referred to as a "Pagoda" by Europeans, was known as the:

The Varaha (or Hun) was the standard gold coin of Vijayanagara, often featuring the image of the boar avatar of Vishnu.

Sher Shah Suri's Sadak-i-Azam connected Sonargaon in Bengal to which city in the northwest?

The Sadak-i-Azam (Grand Trunk Road) linked the eastern frontier of Sonargaon to the northwestern frontier at Peshawar.

In 1586, Akbar introduced a new standard unit of linear measurement to standardize land revenue assessments known as:

Akbar introduced the Ilahi Gaz (approximately 33 inches) to standardize measurements across the empire.

The first Jesuit mission (1580) to Akbar's court was led by Father Antonio Monserrate and:

Father Rodolfo Acquaviva co-led the first Jesuit mission to Akbar's court in 1580.

The Gol Gumbaz is the magnificent mausoleum of which Sultan of Bijapur?

The Gol Gumbaz is the magnificent tomb of Mohammed Adil Shah.

Our detailed understanding of the committee system (Variyam) of Chola village assemblies comes primarily from inscriptions at:

The 10th-century inscriptions at Uttaramerur provide a detailed account of how the Chola Mahasabha functioned.

The doctrine of Vishishtadvaita (qualified non-dualism) was propounded by:

Ramanuja propounded Vishishtadvaita, arguing that individual souls and the universe are distinct attributes of Brahman.

Which Sufi order was known for its strict adherence to the Sharia and opposition to musical gatherings (Sama)?

The Naqshbandi order strictly adhered to the Sharia and opposed the syncretic policies of Akbar.

Which Sultan of Delhi established a separate department for slaves (Diwan-i-Bandagan)?

Firuz Shah Tughlaq established the Diwan-i-Bandagan to manage his massive slave corps.

Firuz Shah Tughlaq established a special department of charity known as:

Firuz Shah Tughlaq established the Diwan-i-Khairat to provide state charity.

Which famous Chishti Sufi saint famously refused to meet Sultan Alauddin Khalji?

Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya famously turned away Alauddin Khalji to preserve his spiritual autonomy.

By Mainak Roy / July 2, 2026

Medieval History Set 34 | MROY Class

Medieval History Set 34 Questions & Answers

During the medieval period, the massive overland transportation of food grains was handled by the: – Banjaras
System where merchants provided cash advances to artisans: – Dadni system
Russian merchant who visited the Bahmani Kingdom in the 1470s: – Afanasy Nikitin
Vijayanagara military commanders granted territories were called: – Amaranayakas
First Deccan Sultanate to declare its independence in 1490: – Imad Shahi dynasty of Berar
Monument marking the first use of the “true arch” in India: – Alai Darwaza
Standard unit of measurement under Alauddin Khalji’s Masahat system: – Biswa
Babur’s famous autobiography was originally written in: – Chagatai Turkic
Prominent noble who translated the Baburnama into Persian: – Abdur Rahim Khan-i-Khanan
Title of the executive head of the Pargana: – Shiqdar
Enlightened ruler of Kashmir known as “Bud Shah”: – Zain-ul-Abidin
The massive Adina Mosque at Pandua was built by: – Sikandar Shah
Mystical Bhakti poet of Kashmir known for her Vakhs: – Lalleshwari (Lal Ded)
13th-century saint-poet who authored the Bhavartha Deepika: – Jñāneśvar (Dnyaneshwar)
Khalisa in the Delhi Sultanate referred to: – Crown lands whose revenue went directly to the imperial treasury
Commander-in-Chief in Maratha administration (Ashtapradhan): – Sar-i-Naubat
Agraharam specifically denoted: – A tax-free village granted to Brahmans
Epic poem Prithviraj Raso was composed by: – Chand Bardai
Detailed historical account of Arab conquest of Sindh: – Chachnama
Standard gold coin of Vijayanagara Empire: – Varaha (or Hun)
Sher Shah Suri’s Sadak-i-Azam connected Sonargaon to: – Peshawar
Akbar introduced a new standard unit of linear measurement called: – Ilahi Gaz
First Jesuit mission to Akbar’s court was led by Antonio Monserrate and: – Father Rodolfo Acquaviva
The Gol Gumbaz is the mausoleum of: – Mohammed Adil Shah
Understanding of Chola village assemblies comes from inscriptions at: – Uttaramerur
Doctrine of Vishishtadvaita was propounded by: – Ramanuja
Strict Sufi silsilah opposed to musical gatherings: – Naqshbandi
Sultan who established Diwan-i-Bandagan: – Firuz Shah Tughlaq
Firuz Shah Tughlaq established a charity department known as: – Diwan-i-Khairat
Sufi saint who refused to meet Alauddin Khalji: – Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya

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Medieval History Set 34

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